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Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 2, 1990 - Issue 4
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Research Article

Subchronic Inhalation Study of Toner in Rats

H. Muhle Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
,
B. Bellmann Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
,
O. Creutzenberg Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
,
R. Fuhst Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
,
W. Koch Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
,
U. Mohr Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany
,
S. Takenaka Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany; Gesellschaft für Strahlen und Umweltforschung, 8042, Nueherberg, Federal Republic of Germany
,
P. Morrow University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
,
R. Kilpper Xerox Corporation, Corporate Environmental Health & Safety, Rochester, New York
,
J. Mackenzie Xerox Corporation, Corporate Environmental Health & Safety, Rochester, New York
&
R. Mermelstein Xerox Corporation, Corporate Environmental Health & Safety, Rochester, New York
 show all
Pages 341-360 | Received 20 Jan 1990, Accepted 23 Mar 1990, Published online: 27 Sep 2008

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Günter Oberdörster, Vincent Castranova, Bahman Asgharian & Phil Sayre. (2015) Inhalation Exposure to Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) and Carbon Nanofibers (CNF): Methodology and Dosimetry. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 18:3-4, pages 121-212.
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Walter Stinn, Ashok Teredesai, Erwin Anskeit, Klaus Rustemeier, Georg Schepers, Peter Schnell, Hans-Juergen Haussmann, Richard A. Carchman, Christopher R. E. Coggins & Wolf Reininghaus. (2005) Chronic Nose-only Inhalation Study in Rats, comparing Room-aged Sidestream Cigarette Smoke and Diesel Engine Exhaust. Inhalation Toxicology 17:11, pages 549-576.
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Yasuo Morimoto, Heungnam Kim, Takako Oyabu, Masami Hirohashi, Hiroko Nagatomo, Akira Ogami, Hiroshi Yamato, Yasuko Obata, Hiroshi Kasai, Toshiaki Higashi & Isamu Tanaka. (2005) Negative Effect of Long-Term Inhalation of Toner on Formation of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA in the Lungs of Rats In Vivo. Inhalation Toxicology 17:13, pages 749-753.
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V. J. Feron, J. H. E. Arts, C. F. Kuper, P. J. Slootweg & R. A. Woutersen. (2001) Health Risks Associated with Inhaled Nasal Toxicants. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 31:3, pages 313-347.
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R. W. Mast, C. P. Yu, G. Oberdörster, E. E. McConnell, M. J. Utell. (2000) A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF THE CARCINOGENICITY OF REFRACTORY CERAMIC FIBER IN TWO CHRONIC FISCHER 344 RAT INHALATION STUDIES: An Assessment of the MTD and Implications for Risk Assessment. Inhalation Toxicology 12:12, pages 1141-1172.
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G. Oberdörster, C. Cox & R. Gelein. (1997) Intratracheal Instillation Versus Intratracheal Inhalation of Tracer Particles for Measuring Lung Clearance Function. Experimental Lung Research 23:1, pages 17-34.
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GÜNTER OBERDÖRSTER. (1996) SIGNIFICANCE OF PARTICLE PARAMETERS IN THE EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE-DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS OF INHALED PARTICLES. Particulate Science and Technology 14:2, pages 135-151.
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W. G. Kreyling, G. A. Ferron, G. Fürst, P. Heilmann, M. Neuner, L. Ruprecht, G. Schumann, S. Takenaka & J. Heyder. (1992) Early Response of the Canine Respiratory Tract Following Long-Term Exposure to a Sulfur(IV) Aerosol at low Concentration. III. Macrophage-Mediated Long-Term Particle Clearance. Inhalation Toxicology 4:3, pages 197-233.
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Huma Siddiqui, Mohammad Ashquin, Rajendra Prasad, Jamal Mohammad Arif, Trushakant N. Patil & Iqbal Ahmad. (2010) Industrial hygiene and toxicity studies in unorganized bone-based industrial units. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 176:1-4, pages 213-223.
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Iqbal Ahmad, Huma Siddiqui, Mohd Javed Akhtar, Mohd Imran Khan, Govil Patil, Mohd Ashquin, Devendra Kumar Patel & Jamal Mohd Arif. (2011) Toxic responses in primary rat hepatocytes exposed with occupational dust collected from work environment of bone-based industrial unit. Chemosphere 83:4, pages 455-460.
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Ru Bai, Lili Zhang, Ying Liu, Li Meng, Liming Wang, Yan Wu, Wei Li, Cuicui Ge, Laurent Le Guyader & Chunying Chen. (2010) Pulmonary responses to printer toner particles in mice after intratracheal instillation. Toxicology Letters 199:3, pages 288-300.
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Ronald S. Slesinski & Duncan Turnbull. (2008) Chronic Inhalation Exposure of Rats for up to 104 Weeks to a Non–Carbon-Based Magnetite Photocopying Toner. International Journal of Toxicology 27:6, pages 427-439.
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Helmut A Greim. (2004) Research needs to improve risk assessment of fiber toxicity. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 553:1-2, pages 11-22.
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Heinrich Ernst, Susanne Rittinghausen, Wilfried Bartsch, Otto Creutzenberg, Clemens Dasenbrock, Bernd-Detlef Görlitz, Matthias Hecht, Ulf Kairies, Hartwig Muhle, Meike Müller, Uwe Heinrich & Friedrich Pott. (2002) Pulmonary inflammation in rats after intratracheal instillation of quartz, amorphous SiO2, carbon black, and coal dust and the influence of poly-2-vinylpyridine-N-oxide (PVNO). Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 54:2, pages 109-126.
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Regina Stabbert, Georg Schepers, Walter Stinn & Hans-Jürgen Haussmann. 2001. Biological Reactive Intermediates VI. Biological Reactive Intermediates VI 153 156 .
George H. Y. Lin & Joseph C. Wilson. (2016) Toxicological Studies of a Representative Xerox Reprographic Toner. International Journal of Toxicology 18:1, pages 23-34.
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S. Rittinghausen, U. Mohr & D.L. Dungworth. (1997) Pulmonary cystic keratinizing squamous cell lesions of rats after inhalation/instillation of different particles. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 49:6, pages 433-446.
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S M Rappaport & R. C. Yu. (1997) Author's reply. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 54:5, pages 359-359.
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S L Jensen & M Guldberg. (1997) The influence of retained mass (lung burden) on the results of intratracheal tests.. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 54:5, pages 358-359.
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Adriana R. Oller, Max Costa & Günter Oberdörster. (1997) Carcinogenicity Assessment of Selected Nickel Compounds. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 143:1, pages 152-166.
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H. MUHLE. 1997. Carcinogenicity of Inorganic Substances. Carcinogenicity of Inorganic Substances 103 116 .
R C Yu & S M Rappaport. (1996) Relation between pulmonary clearance and particle burden: a Michaelis-Menten-like kinetic model.. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 53:8, pages 567-572.
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J M SametW E PepelkoB SonawaneG E HatchK E DriscollG Oberdörster. (1994) Risk assessment of oxidant gases and particulate air pollutants: uncertainties and research needs.. Environmental Health Perspectives 102:suppl 10, pages 209-213.
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Werner Stöber, Paul E Morrow, Wolfgang Koch & Gerd Morawietz. (1994) Alveolar clearance and retention of inhaled insoluble particles in rats simulated by a model inferring macrophage particle load distributions. Journal of Aerosol Science 25:5, pages 975-1002.
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B BellmannH MuhleO CreutzenbergR Mermelstein. (1992) Irreversible pulmonary changes induced in rat lung by dust overload.. Environmental Health Perspectives 97, pages 189-191.
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P. E. MorrowH. MuhleR. Mermelstein. (2016) Chronic Inhalation Study Findings as a Basis for Proposing a New Occupational Dust Exposure Limit. Journal of the American College of Toxicology 10:2, pages 279-290.
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R. Mermelstein, H. Muhle & P. Morrow. 1992. Mechanisms in Fibre Carcinogenesis. Mechanisms in Fibre Carcinogenesis 213 228 .
H. Muhle, B. Bellmann & F. Pott. 1992. Mechanisms in Fibre Carcinogenesis. Mechanisms in Fibre Carcinogenesis 181 187 .
H. MUHLE, O. CREUTZENBERG, B. BELLMANN, U. HEINRICH & R. MERMELSTEIN. (1990) Dust Overloading of Lungs: Investigations of Various Materials, Species Differences, and Irreversibility of Effects. Journal of Aerosol Medicine 3:s1, pages S-111-S-128.
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O. Creutzenberg, B. Bellmann, U. Heinrich, R. Fuhst, W. Koch & H. Muhle. (1990) Clearance and retention of inhaled diesel exhaust particles, carbon black, and titanium dioxide in rats at lung overload conditions. Journal of Aerosol Science 21, pages S455-S458.
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