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Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences Volume 33, 1996 - Issue 6
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Research Article

Lipoprotein(a) in Health and Disease

Florian Kronenberg Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
,
Armin Steinmetz Zentrum Innere Medizin, Abteilung Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033, Marburg, Germany
,
Gerhard M. Kostner Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, A-8010, Graz, Austria
&
Hans Dieplinger Institute of Medical Biology and Human Genetics, University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
Pages 495-543 | Published online: 27 Sep 2008

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Florian Kronenberg. (2004) Epidemiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic implications of lipoprotein(a) in kidney disease. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 2:5, pages 729-743.
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Giuseppe Lippi & Giancesare Guidi. (2003) Lipoprotein(a): An Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factor. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 40:1, pages 1-42.
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Laura R. Benzaquen, Harry Yu & Nader Rifai. (2002) High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein: An Emerging Role in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 39:4-5, pages 459-497.
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Osman CÜRE, Teslime AYAZ & Kuddusi CENGİZ. (2022) Comparison of Cardiac Risk Factors in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome and Secondary Amyloidosis. DAHUDER Medical Journal 2:3, pages 92-97.
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Ines Gouaref, Asma Bouazza, Samir Ait Abderrhmane & Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir. (2020) Lipid Profile Modulates Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers Including Hypertension in People with Type-2 Diabetes: A Focus on Unbalanced Ratio of Plasma Polyunsaturated/Saturated Fatty Acids. Molecules 25:18, pages 4315.
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Danica Labudovic, Irena Kostovska, Katerina Tosheska Trajkovska, Svetlana Cekovska, Julijana Brezovska Kavrakova & Sonja Topuzovska. (2019) Lipoprotein(a) – Link between Atherogenesis and Thrombosis. Prague Medical Report 120:2-3, pages 39-51.
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Muhammed Ashraf Kayakkal, Geetha Paninjath Ayyappan & Pradeep Kumar Kotha Muttath. (2018) A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH FAMILY HISTORY OF HYPERTENSION/DIABETES MELLITUS. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 7:52, pages 5492-5496.
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Kamal Awad, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Niki Katsiki, Paul Muntner & Maciej Banach. (2018) Effect of Ezetimibe Monotherapy on Plasma Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations in Patients with Primary Hypercholesterolemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Drugs 78:4, pages 453-462.
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Q. Liu, J. Martinez, J. Hodge & D. Fan. 2018. Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine. Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine 214 220 .
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Gianna Ferretti, Tiziana Bacchetti, Luis E. Simental-Mendía, Željko Reiner, Maciej Banach & Amirhossein Sahebkar. (2017) Raloxifene Lowers Plasma Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 31:2, pages 197-208.
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Karam M. Kostner & Gert M. Kostner. (2017) Lipoprotein (a): a historical appraisal. Journal of Lipid Research 58:1, pages 1-14.
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Kazuhiko Kotani, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Corina Serban, Florina Andrica, Peter P. Toth, Steven R. Jones, Karam Kostner, Michael J. Blaha, Seth Martin, Jacek Rysz, Stephen Glasser, Kausik K. Ray, Gerald F. Watts, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis & Maciej Banach. (2015) Tibolone decreases Lipoprotein(a) levels in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 studies with 1009 patients. Atherosclerosis 242:1, pages 87-96.
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Bernhard Haring, Moritz C. Wyler von Ballmoos, Lawrence J. Appel & Frank M. Sacks. (2014) Healthy Dietary Interventions and Lipoprotein (a) Plasma Levels: Results from the Omni Heart Trial. PLoS ONE 9:12, pages e114859.
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Angela E. Fanshawe & Michael Ibrahim. (2013) The current status of lipoprotein (a) in pregnancy: A literature review. Journal of Cardiology 61:2, pages 99-106.
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F. Kronenberg & G. Utermann. (2012) Lipoprotein(a): resurrected by genetics. Journal of Internal Medicine 273:1, pages 6-30.
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Andrie G. Panayiotou, Debra Ann Hoppensteadt, Andrew Nicolaides & Jawed Fareed. 2012. Ultrasound and Carotid Bifurcation Atherosclerosis. Ultrasound and Carotid Bifurcation Atherosclerosis 461 486 .
Juan A. Gómez Gerique. (2010) Factores de riesgo emergentes. Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis 22, pages 54-57.
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A Brandstätter, A Lingenhel, K Zwiauer, W Strobl & F Kronenberg. (2009) Decrease of Lp(a) during weight reduction in obese children is modified by the apo(a) kringle-IV copy number variation. International Journal of Obesity 33:10, pages 1136-1142.
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Helmut Borberg. (2009) Comparison of different Lp (a) elimination techniques: A retrospective evaluation. Transfusion and Apheresis Science 41:1, pages 61-65.
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Giuseppe Lippi, Giovanni Targher, Massimo Franchini & Gian Cesare Guidi. (2007) Biochemical correlates of lipoprotein(a) in a general adult population. Possible implications for cardiovascular risk assessment. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 27:1, pages 44-47.
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M.O. EbesununE.O. AgbedanaG.O.L. TaylorO.O. Oladapo. (2008) Plasma lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Nigerians with CVD. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33:2, pages 282-289.
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Philip R. Delio & Gregory W. Albers. 2008. Neurology and General Medicine. Neurology and General Medicine 1157 1182 .
G. Lippi, G. Targher, G. L. Salvagno, M. Montagnana & G. C. Guidi. (2007) Relationship between lipoprotein(a) and fasting plasma glucose in the general population. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 37:10, pages 826-827.
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Eberhard Ritz & Christoph Wanner. (2006) Lipid Changes and Statins in Chronic Renal Insufficiency. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 17:12 suppl 3, pages S226-S230.
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Helmut Borberg. (2006) Quo vadis haemapheresis. Transfusion and Apheresis Science 34:1, pages 51-73.
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William J. Castellani. (2004) Metabolic and nutritional aspects of the atherogenic atypical lipoproteins: Lipoprotein(a), remnant lipoproteins, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Nutrition Research 24:9, pages 681-693.
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Florian Kronenberg, Arno Lingenhel, Karl Lhotta, Barbara Rantner, Martina F. Kronenberg, Paul König, Joachim Thiery, Michael Koch, Arnold Von Eckardstein & Hans Dieplinger. (2004) Lipoprotein(a)- and low-density lipoprotein–derived cholesterol in nephrotic syndrome: Impact on lipid-lowering therapy?. Kidney International 66:1, pages 348-354.
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Arjun Deb & Noel M. Caplice. (2006) Lipoprotein(a): New insights into mechanisms of atherogenesis and thrombosis. Clinical Cardiology 27:5, pages 258-264.
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Drukker, Parsons & MaherChristoph Wanner. 2004. Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis. Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis 791 807 .
Karen E Sexton, Helen T Lee, Mark Massa, Janak Padia, William C Patt, Peggy Liao, Jason K Pontrello, Bruce D Roth, Mark A Spahr & Randy Ramharack. (2003) Inhibitors of lipoprotein(a) assembly. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 11:22, pages 4827-4845.
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Florian Kronenberg, Karl Lhotta, Paul König, Raimund Margreiter, Hans Dieplinger & Gerd Utermann. (2003) Apolipoprotein(a) isoform-specific changes of lipoprotein(a) after kidney transplantation. European Journal of Human Genetics 11:9, pages 693-699.
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Christa Buechler, Heidrun Ullrich, Charalampos Aslanidis, Salim Maa Bared, Arno Lingenhel, Mirko Ritter & Gerd Schmitz. (2003) Lipoprotein (a) downregulates lysosomal acid lipase and induces interleukin-6 in human blood monocytes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1642:1-2, pages 25-31.
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Non Eleri Thomas, Julien S Baker & Bruce Davies. (2003) Established and Recently Identified Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Young People. Sports Medicine 33:9, pages 633-650.
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Florian Kronenberg, Michael Mündle, Michael Längle & Ulrich Neyer. (2003) Prevalence and progression of peripheral arterial calcifications in patients with ESRD. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 41:1, pages 140-148.
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R. W. C. Pang & K. S. L. Lam. (2002) Hormonal influences on lipoprotein(a) metabolism. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 4:3, pages 156-165.
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Dara G. Jamieson, Li Fu, David C. Usher & Ehud Lavi. (2001) Detection of Lipoprotein(a) in Intraparenchymal Cerebral Vessels: Correlation with Vascular Pathology and Clinical History. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 71:2, pages 99-105.
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Josep M Simó, Jordi Camps, Elisabet Vilella, Federico Gómez, Antonio Paul & Jorge Joven. (2001) Instability of Lipoprotein(a) in Plasma Stored at −70 °C. Clinical Chemistry 47:9, pages 1673-1678.
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Brett Garner, Anthony H. Merry, Louise Royle, David J. Harvey, Pauline M. Rudd & Joëlle Thillet. (2001) Structural Elucidation of the N- andO-Glycans of Human Apolipoprotein(a). Journal of Biological Chemistry 276:25, pages 22200-22208.
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Anne L. Rother & Charles D. Collard. (2001) Atherosclerosis and the genetic basis of lipoprotein disease. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 15:2, pages 169-183.
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Leonardo A. Sechi & Sergio De Marchi. (2023) Relationship of Lipoprotein(a) to Variables of Coagulation in Hypertensive Subjects. Journal of Investigative Medicine 49:1, pages 12-20.
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Jin Wang, Jennifer Boedeker, Helen H. Hobbs & Ann L. White. (2001) Determinants of human apolipoprotein [a] secretion from mouse hepatocyte cultures. Journal of Lipid Research 42:1, pages 60-69.
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Ziad A Massy. (2000) Importance of homocysteine, lipoprotein (a) and non-classical cardiovascular risk factors (fibrinogen and advanced glycation end-products) for atherogenesis in uraemic patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 15:suppl_5, pages 81-91.
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H. J Milionis. (2000) Lipoprotein (a) and stroke. Journal of Clinical Pathology 53:7, pages 487-496.
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Leonardo A. Sechi, Cristiana Catena, Daniele Casaccio & Laura Zingaro. (2000) Lipoprotein (a), haemostatic variables and cardiovascular damage in hypertensive patients. Journal of Hypertension 18:6, pages 709-716.
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Antonio Schena, Salvatore Di Paolo, Luigi F Morrone, Francesco Resta, Giovanni Stallone & F Paolo Schena. (2001) Are lipid‐dependent indicators of cardiovascular risk affected by renal transplantation?. Clinical Transplantation 14:2, pages 139-146.
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FLORIAN KRONENBERG, ERICH KUEN, EBERHARD RITZ, RALF JUNKER, PAUL KÖNIG, GÜNTER KRAATZ, KARL LHOTTA, JOHANNES F. E. MANN, GERHARD A. MÜLLER, ULRICH NEYER, WERNER RIEGEL, PETER RIEGLER, VEDAT SCHWENGER & ARNOLD VON ECKARDSTEIN. (2000) Lipoprotein(a) Serum Concentrations and Apolipoprotein(a) Phenotypes in Mild and Moderate Renal Failure. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 11:1, pages 105-115.
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David L. RainwaterCandace M. KammererJohn L. VandeBerg. (1999) Evidence That Multiple Genes Influence Baseline Concentrations and Diet Response of Lp(a) in Baboons. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 19:11, pages 2696-2700.
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Florian KronenbergMartina F. KronenbergStefan KiechlEvi TrenkwalderPeter SanterFriedrich OberhollenzerGeorg EggerGerd UtermannJohann Willeit. (1999) Role of Lipoprotein(a) and Apolipoprotein(a) Phenotype in Atherogenesis. Circulation 100:11, pages 1154-1160.
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Leonardo A. Sechi, Laura Zingaro, Cristiana Catena, Antonella Perin, Sergio De Marchi & Ettore Bartoli. (1999) Lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(a) isoforms and proteinuria in patients with moderate renal failure. Kidney International 56:3, pages 1049-1057.
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Helen H. Hobbs & Ann L. White. (1999) Lipoprotein(a). Current Opinion in Lipidology 10:3, pages 225-236.
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Lisa Kerschdorfer, Paul König, Ulrich Neyer, Claudia Bösmüller, Karl Lhotta, Martin Auinger, Markus Hohenegger, Peter Riegler, Raimund Margreiter, Gerd Utermann, Hans Dieplinger & Florian Kronenberg. (1999) Lipoprotein(a) plasma concentrations after renal transplantation: a prospective evaluation after 4 years of follow-up. Atherosclerosis 144:2, pages 381-391.
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David L Rainwater. (1999) Stability of apolipoprotein(a) isoform phenotype to postmortem conditions. Clinica Chimica Acta 282:1-2, pages 59-63.
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David L. RainwaterC. Alex McMahanGray T. MalcomW. Douglas ScheerPaul S. RoheimHenry C. McGillJrJrJack P. Strong. (1999) Lipid and Apolipoprotein Predictors of Atherosclerosis in Youth. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 19:3, pages 753-761.
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Andreas Niemeier, Thomas Willnow, Hans Dieplinger, Christian Jacobsen, Nicolette Meyer, Jan Hilpert & Ulrike Beisiegel. (1999) Identification of Megalin/gp330 as a Receptor for Lipoprotein(a) In Vitro. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 19:3, pages 552-561.
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Margret Arnadottir, Anna-Lena Berg, Florian Kronenberg, Arno Lingenhel, Therése Hugosson, Jörgen Hegbrant & Peter Nilsson-Ehle. (1999) Corticotropin-induced reduction of plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations in healthy individuals and hemodialysis patients: Relation to apolipoprotein(a) size polymorphism. Metabolism 48:3, pages 342-346.
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Florian Kronenberg, Evi Trenkwalder, Martina F. Kronenberg, Paul König, Gerd Utermann & Hans Dieplinger. (1998) Influence of hematocrit on the measurement of lipoproteins demonstrated by the example of lipoprotein(a). Kidney International 54:4, pages 1385-1389.
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Jean Davignon & Jacques GenestJrJr. (1998) GENETICS OF LIPOPROTEIN DISORDERS. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 27:3, pages 521-550.
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David L. Rainwater & Candace M. Kammerer. (1998) Pipoprotein Lp(a): Effects of allelic variation at theLPA locus. The Journal of Experimental Zoology 282:1-2, pages 54-61.
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David L. RainwaterSteven M. Haffner. (1998) Insulin and 2-Hour Glucose Levels Are Inversely Related to Lp(a) Concentrations Controlled for LPA Genotype . Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 18:8, pages 1335-1341.
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Ishwarlal Jialal. (1998) Evolving lipoprotein risk factors: lipoprotein(a) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Clinical Chemistry 44:8, pages 1827-1832.
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Bahram H Arjmandi, Dilshad A Khan, Shanil Juma, Melinda L. Drum, Sreevidya Venkatesh, Eugenia Sohn, Lili Wei & Richard Derman. (1998) Whole flaxseed consumption lowers serum LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in postmenopausal women. Nutrition Research 18:7, pages 1203-1214.
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Florian Kronenberg. (1998) Homocysteine, lipoprotein(a) and fibrinogen. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 7:3, pages 271-278.
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Evi Trenkwalder, Alexandra Gruber, Paul König, Hans Dieplinger & Florian Kronenberg. (1997) Increased plasma concentrations of LDL-unbound apo(a) in patients with end-stage renal disease: Rapid Communication. Kidney International 52:6, pages 1685-1692.
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Gert M. Kostner & Armin Steinmetz. (2008) Standardization of Lp(a) measurements. Clinical Genetics 52:5, pages 393-397.
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Florian Kronenberg, Evi Trenkwalder, Wolfgang Sturm, Hermann Kathrein, Paul König, Ulrich Neyer, Ernst Gröchenig, Gerd Utermann & Hans Dieplinger. (2008) LDL‐unbound apolipoprotein(a) and carotid atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients. Clinical Genetics 52:5, pages 377-386.
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Francesco Acquati, Volker Rönicke, Roberto Taramelli & Hans‐Joachim Müller. (2008) Reporter gene analysis of four DNasel hypersensitive sites in the plasminogen/apolipoprotein(a) intergenic region. Clinical Genetics 52:5, pages 303-307.
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Eva-Maria Lobentanz & Hans Dieplinger. (1997) Biogenesis of lipoprotein(a) in human and animal hepatocytes. Electrophoresis 18:14, pages 2677-2681.
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