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Free Radical Research Communications Volume 10, 1990 - Issue 1-2
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Original Article

Fluorescence Detection of Free Radicals by Nitroxide Scavenging

J. L. Gerlock Department of Chemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Wood Hole, Mass, 02543, USA; Research Staff, Ford Motor Co. Dearborn, MI, 481212, USA
,
P. J. Zacmanidis Department of Chemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Wood Hole, Mass, 02543, USA; Research Staff, Ford Motor Co. Dearborn, MI, 481212, USA
,
D. R. Bauer Department of Chemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Wood Hole, Mass, 02543, USA; Research Staff, Ford Motor Co. Dearborn, MI, 481212, USA
,
D. J. Simpson Department of Chemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Wood Hole, Mass, 02543, USA
,
N. V. Blough Department of Chemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Wood Hole, Mass, 02543, USA
&
I. T. Salmeen Department of Chemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Wood Hole, Mass, 02543, USA; Research Staff, Ford Motor Co. Dearborn, MI, 481212, USA
Pages 119-121 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

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David J. Kieber, Carl G. Johnson & Neil V. Blough. (1992) Mass Spectrometric Identification of the Radical Adducts of a Fluorescamine-Derivatized Nitroxide. Free Radical Research Communications 16:1, pages 35-39.
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Articles from other publishers (44)

Yingying Wang, Shi Xu & Ming Xian. (2020) Specific Reactions of RSNO, HSNO, and HNO and Their Applications in the Design of Fluorescent Probes. Chemistry – A European Journal 26:51, pages 11673-11683.
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Gertz I. LikhtenshteinGertz I. Likhtenshtein. 2020. Nitroxides. Nitroxides 119 160 .
Anthony Verderosa, Rabeb Dhouib, Kathryn Fairfull-Smith & Makrina Totsika. (2019) Profluorescent Fluoroquinolone-Nitroxides for Investigating Antibiotic–Bacterial Interactions. Antibiotics 8:1, pages 19.
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Jesse P. Allen, Michael C. Pfrunder, John C. McMurtrie, Steven E. Bottle, James P. Blinco & Kathryn E. Fairfull‐Smith. (2017) BODIPY‐Based Profluorescent Probes Containing Meso ‐ and β‐Substituted Isoindoline Nitroxides . European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017:3, pages 476-483.
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Shujuan Liu, Na Zhou, Zejing Chen, Huanjie Wei, Yana Zhu, Song Guo & Qiang Zhao. (2016) Using a redox-sensitive phosphorescent probe for optical evaluation of an intracellular redox environment. Optics Letters 42:1, pages 13.
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Paul Lederhose, Naomi L. Haworth, Komba Thomas, Steven E. Bottle, Michelle L. Coote, Christopher Barner-Kowollik & James P. Blinco. (2015) Design of Redox/Radical Sensing Molecules via Nitrile Imine-Mediated Tetrazole-ene Cycloaddition (NITEC). The Journal of Organic Chemistry 80:16, pages 8009-8017.
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Mohamad Sleiman, Hugo Destaillats & Lara A. Gundel. (2013) Solid-phase supported profluorescent nitroxide probe for the determination of aerosol-borne reactive oxygen species. Talanta 116, pages 1033-1039.
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Yi Zhang, Rossana Del Vecchio & Neil V. Blough. (2012) Investigating the Mechanism of Hydrogen Peroxide Photoproduction by Humic Substances. Environmental Science & Technology 46:21, pages 11836-11843.
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Csaba Kósa, Martin Danko & Pavol Hrdlovič. (2012) Preparation and Spectral Characterization of Fluorescence Probes Based on 4-N,N-Dimethylamino Benzoic Acid and Sterically Hindered Amines. Journal of Fluorescence 22:5, pages 1371-1381.
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Yulia B. Borozdina, Valentin Kamm, Frédéric Laquai & Martin Baumgarten. (2012) Tuning the sensitivity of fluorophore–nitroxide radicals. Journal of Materials Chemistry 22:26, pages 13260.
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Meredith R. Cline & John P. Toscano. (2011) Detection of nitroxyl (HNO) by a prefluorescent probe. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 24:10, pages 993-998.
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Jason C. Morris, John C. McMurtrie, Steven E. Bottle & Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith. (2011) Generation of Profluorescent Isoindoline Nitroxides Using Click Chemistry. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 76:12, pages 4964-4972.
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Guo-Ping Yan, Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith, Craig D. Smith, Graeme R. Hanson & Steven E. Bottle. (2012) Porphyrin containing isoindoline nitroxides as potential fluorescence sensors of free radicals. Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 15:04, pages 230-239.
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James P. Blinco, Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith, Benjamin J. Morrow & Steven E. Bottle. (2011) Profluorescent Nitroxides as Sensitive Probes of Oxidative Change and Free Radical Reactions. Australian Journal of Chemistry 64:4, pages 373.
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Min Jia, Yu Tang, Yiu-Fai Lam, Sarah A. Green & Neil V. Blough. (2009) Prefluorescent Nitroxide Probe for the Highly Sensitive Determination of Peroxyl and Other Radical Oxidants. Analytical Chemistry 81:19, pages 8033-8040.
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Shingo Sato, Minoru Tsunoda, Minoru Suzuki, Masahiro Kutsuna, Kiyomi Takido-uchi, Mitsuru Shindo, Hitoshi Mizuguchi, Heitaro Obara & Hiroaki Ohya. (2009) Synthesis and spectral properties of polymethine-cyanine dye–nitroxide radical hybrid compounds for use as fluorescence probes to monitor reducing species and radicals. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 71:5, pages 2030-2039.
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Yusuke Suzuki & Toshiyuki Katagi. (2008) Novel Fluorescence Detection of Free Radicals Generated in Photolysis of Fenvalerate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56:22, pages 10811-10816.
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Claudia Bueno, Larisa Mikelsons, Luca Maretti, J. C. Scaiano & Alexis Aspée. (2008) Photophysical Properties of the Prefluorescent Nitroxide Probes QT and C 343 T . Photochemistry and Photobiology 84:6, pages 1535-1542.
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Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith & Steven E. Bottle. (2008) The Synthesis and Physical Properties of Novel Polyaromatic Profluorescent Isoindoline Nitroxide Probes. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2008:32, pages 5391-5400.
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Shingo Sato, Minoru Suzuki, Tomoki Soma & Minoru Tsunoda. (2008) Synthesis and properties of umbelliferone-nitroxide radical hybrid compounds as fluorescence and spin-label probes. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 70:4, pages 799-804.
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Pavol Hrdlovič, Štefan Chmela, Martin Danko, Mohamed Sarakha & Ghislain Guyot. (2007) Spectral Properties of Probes Containing Benzothioxanthene Chromophore Linked with Hindered Amine in Solution and in Polymer Matrices. Journal of Fluorescence 18:2, pages 393-402.
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Daniel J. Keddie, Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith & Steven E. Bottle. (2008) The palladium-catalysed copper-free Sonogashira coupling of isoindoline nitroxides: a convenient route to robust profluorescent carbon–carbon frameworks. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 6:17, pages 3135.
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Rajarsi Mandal, Vijay Kumar Kutala, Mahmood Khan, Iyyapu K. Mohan, Saradhadevi Varadharaj, Arun Sridhar, Cynthia A. Carnes, Tamás Kálai, Kálmán Hideg & Periannan Kuppusamy. (2007) N -Hydroxy-pyrroline Modification of Verapamil Exhibits Antioxidant Protection of the Heart against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction without Compromising Its Calcium Antagonistic Activity . Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 323:1, pages 119-127.
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James P. Blinco, John C. McMurtrie & Steven E. Bottle. (2007) The First Example of an Azaphenalene Profluorescent Nitroxide. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2007:28, pages 4638-4641.
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Nobuaki Soh. (2006) Recent advances in fluorescent probes for the detection of reactive oxygen species. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 386:3, pages 532-543.
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Martin Danko, Štefan Chmela & Pavol Hrdlovič. (2006) Synthesis, photochemical stability and photo-stabilizing efficiency of probes based on benzothioxanthene chromophore and Hindered Amine Stabilizer. Polymer Degradation and Stability 91:5, pages 1045-1051.
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Zhao-Yang Bian, Xiang-Qun Guo, Yi-Bing Zhao & Jun-Ou Du. (2005) Probing the Hydroxyl Radical-Mediated Reactivity of Peroxynitrite by a Spin-Labeling Fluorophore. Analytical Sciences 21:5, pages 553-559.
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Daniel J. Keddie, Therese E. Johnson, Dennis P. Arnold & Steven E. Bottle. (2005) Synthesis of profluorescent isoindoline nitroxides via palladium-catalysed Heck alkenylation. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 3:14, pages 2593.
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Graeme Moad & David H. Solomon. 2005. The Chemistry of Radical Polymerization. The Chemistry of Radical Polymerization 49 166 .
Alexis Aspée, Luca Maretti & J. C. Scaiano. (2003) Monitoring photodecomposition of dibenzyl ketone within NaY zeolite with a pre-fluorescent nitroxide compound. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 2:11, pages 1125-1129.
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Alexis Aspée, Olga García, Luca Maretti, Roberto Sastre & J. C. Scaiano. (2003) Free Radical Reactions in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films Monitored Using a Prefluorescent Quinoline−TEMPO Sensor. Macromolecules 36:10, pages 3550-3556.
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Chris Coenjarts, Olga García, Laura Llauger, J. Palfreyman, Anne L. Vinette & J. C. Scaiano. (2002) Mapping Photogenerated Radicals in Thin Polymer Films:  Fluorescence Imaging Using a Prefluorescent Radical Probe. Journal of the American Chemical Society 125:3, pages 620-621.
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Martin Danko, Štefan Chmela & Pavol Hrdlovič. (2003) Photochemical stability and photostabilizing efficiency of anthracene/hindered amine stabilizers in polymer matrices. Polymer Degradation and Stability 79:2, pages 333-343.
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Pavol Hrdlovič, Martin Danko & Štefan Chmela. (2002) Preparation, spectral characteristics and photolytic stability of anthracene-hindered amine probes: influence of the medium. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 149:1-3, pages 207-216.
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P Parkhomyuk-Ben Arye, N Strashnikova & G.I Likhtenshtein. (2002) Stilbene photochrome-fluorescence-spin molecules: covalent immobilization on silica plate and applications as redox and viscosity probes. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 51:1, pages 1-15.
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Xiao-Feng Yang & Xiang-Qun Guo. (2001) Study of nitroxide-linked naphthalene as a fluorescence probe for hydroxyl radicals. Analytica Chimica Acta 434:2, pages 169-177.
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L’ubica Búcsiová, Štefan Chmela & Pavol Hrdlovič. (2000) Preparation, photochemical stability and photostabilising efficiency of adducts of pyrene and hindered amine stabilisers in iPP matrix. Polymer Degradation and Stability 71:1, pages 135-145.
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Graeme Moad, Devon A. Shipp, Trevor A. Smith & David H. Solomon. (1999) Measurements of Primary Radical Concentrations Generated by Pulsed Laser Photolysis Using Fluorescence Detection. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 103:33, pages 6580-6586.
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Beibei Li, Peter L. Gutierrez & Neil V. Blough. 1999. Oxidants and Antioxidants Part B. Oxidants and Antioxidants Part B 202 216 .
Tamás Kálai, Éva Hideg, Imre Vass & Kálmán Hideg. (1998) Double (Fluorescent and Spin) Sensors for Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Thylakoid Membrane. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 24:4, pages 649-652.
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Graeme Moad, Devon A. Shipp, Trevor A. Smith & David H. Solomon. (1997) Direct Measurement of Primary Radical Concentrations in Pulsed Laser Photolysis. Macromolecules 30:24, pages 7627-7630.
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Patrick Twomey, Junsei Taira, William DeGraff, James B Mitchell, Angelo Russo, Murali C Krishna, Olga H Hankovszky, László Frank & Kálmán Hideg. (1997) Direct Evidence for In Vivo Nitroxide Free Radical Production From a New AntiArrhythmic Drug by EPR Spectroscopy. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 22:5, pages 909-916.
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Takashi. Hayashita, Mi Ja. Goo, Jong Chan. Lee, Jong Seung. Kim, Jan. Krzykawski & Richard A. Bartsch. (2002) Selective sorption of alkali-metal cations by carboxylic acid resins containing acyclic or cyclic polyether units. Analytical Chemistry 62:21, pages 2283-2287.
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David J. Kieber & Neil V. Blough. (2002) Determination of carbon-centered radicals in aqueous solution by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Analytical Chemistry 62:21, pages 2275-2283.
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