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Free Radical Research Communications Volume 19, 1993 - Issue 4
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Original Article

Alpha-Phenyl-Tert-Butyl-Nitrone (PBN) Attenuates Hydroxyl Radical Production During Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of Rat Brain: An EPR Study

Souvik Sen Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
&
John W. Phillis Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
Pages 255-265 | Received 10 May 1993, Published online: 07 Jul 2009

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Kieko SAITO & Hisashi YOSHIOKA. (2002) ESR Characterization of a Novel Spin-trapping Agent, 15N-Labeled N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone, as a Nitric Oxide Donor. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 66:10, pages 2189-2193.
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Kieko SAITO, Hisashi YOSHIOKA & Richard G. CUTLER. (1998) A Spin Trap, N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone Extends the Life Span of Mice. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 62:4, pages 792-794.
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Xianghui Cao & John W. Phillis. (1995) The Free Radical Scavenger, α-Lipoic Acid, Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Gerbils. Free Radical Research 23:4, pages 365-370.
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John Weaver & Ke Jian Liu. (2021) A Review of Low-Frequency EPR Technology for the Measurement of Brain pO2 and Oxidative Stress. Applied Magnetic Resonance 52:10, pages 1379-1394.
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Thomas M. Jeitner, Kevin Battaile & Arthur J. L. Cooper. (2015) Critical Evaluation of the Changes in Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Models of Cerebral Stroke. Neurochemical Research 40:12, pages 2544-2556.
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Wael Goda, Kunio Satoh, Masaya Nakashima, Akira Hara & Masayuki Niwa. (2012) PBN fails to suppress in delayed neuronal death of hippocampal CA1 injury following transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Neuroscience Letters 517:1, pages 47-51.
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Rüdiger Hardeland. (2009) Neuroprotection by Radical Avoidance: Search for Suitable Agents. Molecules 14:12, pages 5054-5102.
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N. Farrokhnia, A. Ericsson, A. Terént & F. Lennmyr. (2008) MEK-inhibitor U0126 in hyperglycaemic focal ischaemic brain injury in the rat. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 38:9, pages 679-685.
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Jaroslava Folbergrová, Rastislav Druga, Jakub Otáhal, Renata Haugvicová, Pavel Mareš & Hana Kubová. (2006) Effect of free radical spin trap N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) on seizures induced in immature rats by homocysteic acid. Experimental Neurology 201:1, pages 105-119.
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Fang-Jung Wan, Che-Se Tung, I-Shin Shiah & Hui-Ching Lin. (2006) Effects of ?-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone and N-acetylcysteine on hydroxyl radical formation and dopamine depletion in the rat striatum produced by d-amphetamine. European Neuropsychopharmacology 16:2, pages 147-153.
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Alexia Paucard, Valerie C. Besson, Michel Plotkine & Isabelle Margaill. (2005) Time course of oxidative stress, lesion and edema after intrastriatal injection of malonate in rat: effect of alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology 19:1, pages 57-64.
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Jin Hyoung KimJeong Hun KimYoung Suk YuSeon Mi JeongKyu-Won Kim. (2005) Delay of Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration in rd Mice by Systemically Administered Phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone. Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 19:4, pages 288.
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Eugene Gusev & Veronica I. SkvortsovaEugene Gusev & Veronica I. Skvortsova. 2003. Brain Ischemia. Brain Ischemia 285 351 .
Fu-Chou Cheng, Jen-Fon Jen & Tung-Hu Tsai. (2002) Hydroxyl radical in living systems and its separation methods. Journal of Chromatography B 781:1-2, pages 481-496.
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Georg E. Cold & Bent L. DahlGeorg E. Cold & Bent L. Dahl. 2002. Topics in Neuroanaesthesia and Neurointensive Care. Topics in Neuroanaesthesia and Neurointensive Care 337 403 .
Anders Lew?n, Taku Sugawara, Yvan Gasche, Miki Fujimura & Pak H. Chan. (2001) Oxidative Cellular Damage and the Reduction of APE/Ref-1 Expression after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurobiology of Disease 8:3, pages 380-390.
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Graciela Letechip??a-Vallejo, Ignacio Gonz?lez-Burgos & Miguel Cervantes. (2001) Neuroprotective Effect of Melatonin on Brain Damage Induced by Acute Global Cerebral Ischemia in Cats. Archives of Medical Research 32:3, pages 186-192.
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Yoshihiro Numagami & S. Tsuyoshi Ohnishi. (2001) S-Allylcysteine Inhibits Free Radical Production, Lipid Peroxidation and Neuronal Damage in Rat Brain Ischemia. The Journal of Nutrition 131:3, pages 1100S-1105S.
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Nils Gunnar Wahlgren & Magnus Thorén. 2001. Current Review of Cerebrovascular Disease. Current Review of Cerebrovascular Disease 197 206 .
Deepa Rao & Laurence D. Fechter. (2000) Protective Effects of Phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone on the Potentiation of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Carbon Monoxide. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 167:2, pages 125-131.
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Trevor Archer & Anders Fredriksson. (2000) Restoration and putative protection in parkinsonism. Neurotoxicity Research 2:2-3, pages 251-292.
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Hani Atamna, Andrés Paler-Martı́nez & Bruce N. Ames. (2000) N-t-Butyl Hydroxylamine, a Hydrolysis Product of α-Phenyl-N-t-butyl Nitrone, Is More Potent in Delaying Senescence in Human Lung Fibroblasts. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275:10, pages 6741-6748.
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Gidö, Cronberg & Wieloch. (2001) The effect of α‐phenyl‐tert‐butyl nitrone (PBN) on free radical formation in transient focal ischaemia measured by microdialysis and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoate formation. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 168:2, pages 277-285.
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Craig S Malcolm, Karen R Benwell, Helen Lamb, David Bebbington & Richard H.P Porter. (2000) Characterization of iodoacetate-mediated neurotoxicity in vitro using primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 28:1, pages 102-107.
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Jürgen Weiss, George R Taylor, Frank Zimmermann & Klaus Nebendahl. 2000. The Laboratory Rat. The Laboratory Rat 485 510 .
Yashige Kotake. (1999) Pharmacologic Properties of Phenyl N-tert -Butylnitrone . Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 1:4, pages 481-499.
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Russell T. Matthews, Peter Klivenyi, Gerald Mueller, Lichuan Yang, Marike Wermer, Craig E. Thomas & M.Flint Beal. (1999) Novel Free Radical Spin Traps Protect against Malonate and MPTP Neurotoxicity. Experimental Neurology 157:1, pages 120-126.
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Giugetta Iovino, Stan Kubow & Errol B Marliss. (1999) Effect of α-phenyl- N - tert -butylnitrone on diabetes and lipid peroxidation in BB rats . Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 77:3, pages 166-174.
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M.I Colado, E O?Shea, B Esteban, R Granados & A.R Green. (1999) In vivo evidence against clomethiazole being neuroprotective against MDMA (?ecstasy?)-induced degeneration of rat brain 5-HT nerve terminals by a free radical scavenging mechanism. Neuropharmacology 38:2, pages 307-314.
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Jens Z. Pedersen, Giorgio Bernardi, Diego Centonze, Antonio Pisani, Luisa Rossi, Giuseppe Rotilio & Paolo Calabresi. (2016) Hypoglycemia, Hypoxia, and Ischemia in a Corticostriatal Slice Preparation: Electrophysiologic Changes and Ascorbyl Radical Formation. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 18:8, pages 868-875.
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Claude Bonne, Agnes Muller & Max Villain. (1998) Free Radicals in Retinal Ischemia*. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System 30:3, pages 275-280.
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J.W Phillis, A.Y Estevez & M.H O'Regan. (1998) Protective effects of the free radical scavengers, dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, in cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Neuroscience Letters 244:2, pages 109-111.
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Naoyuki Nakao & Patrik Brundin. 1998. Progress in Brain Research Volume 116. Progress in Brain Research Volume 116 245 263 .
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A. Fredriksson, P. Eriksson & T. Archer. (1997) MPTP-induced deficits in motor activity: Neuroprotective effects of the spintrapping agent, ?-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN). Journal of Neural Transmission 104:6-7, pages 579-592.
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Mieczyslaw Pokorski & Boleslaw Gonet. (1997) Hypoxia depletes ascorbate in the cat carotid body. Respiration Physiology 107:3, pages 213-218.
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Faizi A. Siddiqi, Borimir J. Darakchiev, Steven M. Cohen, Robert J. Hariri & Gary A. Fantini. (1996) 7 Free radicals, anti-oxidants and reperfusion injury in the central nervous system. Baillière's Clinical Anaesthesiology 10:3, pages 497-513.
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Tadashi Morimoto, Mordecai Y.-T. Globus, Raul Busto, Elena Martinez & Myron D. Ginsberg. (2016) Simultaneous Measurement of Salicylate Hydroxylation and Glutamate Release in the Penumbral Cortex following Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 16:1, pages 92-99.
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Ulrich Dirnagl, Ute Lindauer, Andreas Them, Stefan Schreiber, Hans-Walter Pfister, Uwe Koedel, Regine Reszka, Dorette Freyer & Arno Villringer. (2016) Global Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat: Online Monitoring of Oxygen Free Radical Production Using Chemiluminescence in vivo. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 15:6, pages 929-940.
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N.C. Hall, J.M. Carney, M. Cheng & D.A. Butterfield. (1995) Prevention of ischemia/reperfusion-induced alterations in synaptosomal membrane-associated proteins and lipids by N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone and difluoromethylornithine. Neuroscience 69:2, pages 591-600.
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J.A. Joseph, G. Cao & R.C. Cutler. (1995) In vivo or in vitro administration of the nitrone spin-trapping compound, n-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone, (PBN) reduces age-related deficits in striatal muscarinic receptor sensitivity. Brain Research 671:1, pages 73-77.
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John W. Phillis, Souvik Sen & Xianghui Cao. (1994) Amflutizole, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, inhibits free radical generation in the ischemic/reperfused rat cerebral cortex. Neuroscience Letters 169:1-2, pages 188-190.
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