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Research Article

Benzidine Revisited: A Review of the Literature and Problems Associated with the Use of Benzidine and Its Congeners

Pages 13-42 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

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Parameswari Kalivel, Jithin Choondal Jisson, Subbiah Kavitha, Dhanasekaran Padmanabhan, Jebasingh Bhagavathsingh, Jegathambal Palanichamy, Asath Murphy Maria Stephen & Jovitha Jane David. (2023) Efficiency assessment of Cu and Al electrodes in the removal of anthraquinone based disperse dye aqueous solution in electrocoagulation–an analytical approach. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 103:17, pages 5619-5638.
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Hossein Tavallali, Gohar Deilamy-Rad, Mohammad Ali Karimi & Mohammad-Aghil Aameri-Siahooei. (2020) A novel sensitive and fast colorimetric assay for determination of benzidine as a carcinogen aromatic amine based on Bromopyrogallol red. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 100:6, pages 662-674.
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V. Aranganathan, A.M. Kanimozhi & T. Palvannan. (2015) Toxicity assessment and bioremediation of textile effluent by isolated Pseudomonas Oleovorans PAMD_1 bacteria. Desalination and Water Treatment 54:10, pages 2840-2847.
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Luisa Antonia Sepulveda & Cesar Costapinto Santana. (2013) Effect of solution temperature, pH and ionic strength on dye adsorption onto Magellanic peat. Environmental Technology 34:8, pages 967-977.
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E. Sabah & M. S. Çelik. (2002) ADSORPTION MECHANISM OF QUATERNARY AMINES BY SEPIOLITE. Separation Science and Technology 37:13, pages 3081-3097.
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King‐Thom Chung. (2000) Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of aromatic amines metabolically produced from Azo Dyes. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 18:1, pages 51-74.
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Nathalie Fischer-Durand, SamyBen Rejeb & François Le Goffic. (1998) Synthesis of 4-Benzidinyl Butyric Acid: A Key Intermediate for Antibodies Production Against Benzidin. Synthetic Communications 28:6, pages 963-970.
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MarkA. Brown & StephenC. De Vito. (1993) Predicting azo dye toxicity. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 23:3, pages 249-324.
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King-Thorn Chung, S. Edward Stevens & Carl E. Cerniglia. (1992) The Reduction of Azo Dyes by the Intestinal Microflora. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 18:3, pages 175-190.
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Walter G. Levine. (1991) Metabolism of AZO Dyes: Implication for Detoxication and Activation. Drug Metabolism Reviews 23:3-4, pages 253-309.
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B. Lang & M. M. Iba. (1988) Metabolism of 3,3′ -dichlorobenzidine by horseradish peroxidase. Xenobiotica 18:8, pages 893-904.
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Carl N. Martin & James C. Kennelly. (1985) Metabolism, Mutagenicity, and DNA Binding of Biphenyl-Based Azodyes. Drug Metabolism Reviews 16:1-2, pages 89-117.
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Herman A. J. Schut & Andre Castonguay. (1984) Metabolism of Carcinogenic Amino Derivatives in Various Species and DNA Alkylation by Their Metabolites. Drug Metabolism Reviews 15:4, pages 753-839.
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Thomas J. Haley. (1984) Occupational Cancer and Chemical Structure: Past, Present, and Future. Drug Metabolism Reviews 15:5-6, pages 919-939.
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Thomas Eling, Jeffrey Boyd, Gregory Reed, Ronald Mason & Kandiah Sivarajah. (1983) Xenobiotic Metabolism by Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthetase. Drug Metabolism Reviews 14:5, pages 1023-1053.
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Kathryn E. McLane, Jed Fisher & K. Ramakrishnan. (1983) Reductive Drug Metabolism. Drug Metabolism Reviews 14:4, pages 741-799.
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Thomas J. Haley. (1982) Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Benzidine and Its Congeners in Man and Animals. Drug Metabolism Reviews 13:3, pages 473-483.
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R. F. Struck, T. W. Shih, T. P. Johnston, Marion C. Kirk & D. L. Hill. (1981) Metabolism and macromolecular binding of the carcinogen Michler's ketone in rats. Xenobiotica 11:8, pages 569-577.
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Malcolm C. Bowman. (1979) Control of Test Substances. Clinical Toxicology 15:5, pages 583-595.
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CharlesR. Nony & MalcolmC. Bowman. (1978) Carcinogens and Analogs: Trace Analysis of Thirteen Compounds in Admixture in Wastewater and Human Urine. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 5:3, pages 203-220.
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MalcolmC. Bowman, JimmieR. King & C. Lee Holder. (1976) Benzidine and Congeners: Analytical Chemical Properties and Trace Analysis in Five Substrates. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 4:3, pages 205-223.
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