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Clinical Toxicology Volume 10, 1977 - Issue 3
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Research Article

Propranolol: A Specific Antagonist to Cocaine

Richard Tobin Rappolt Clinical Toxicology, San Francisco, California
,
George R. Gay Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinics, San Francisco, California; Family Practice, Emergency Medicine, Clinician Toxicology, Anesthesiology, Mendocino, California
&
Darryl S. Inaba Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinics, San Francisco, California
Pages 265-271 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

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John R. Richards, Dariush Garber, Erik G. Laurin, Timothy E. Albertson, Robert W. Derlet, Ezra A. Amsterdam, Kent R. Olson, Edward A. Ramoska & Richard A. Lange. (2016) Treatment of cocaine cardiovascular toxicity: a systematic review. Clinical Toxicology 54:5, pages 345-364.
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Meredith M. Guinn, John A. Bedford & Marvin C. Wilson. (1980) Antagonism of Intravenous Cocaine Lethality in Nonhuman Primates. Clinical Toxicology 16:4, pages 499-508.
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Dahlia Banerji, Raza M. Alvi, Maryam Afshar, Noor Tariq, Adam Rokicki, Connor P. Mulligan, Lili Zhang, Malek O. Hassan, Magid Awadalla, John D. Groarke & Tomas G. Neilan. (2019) Carvedilol Among Patients With Heart Failure With a Cocaine-Use Disorder. JACC: Heart Failure 7:9, pages 771-778.
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Ofer Havakuk, Shereif H. Rezkalla & Robert A. Kloner. (2017) The Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 70:1, pages 101-113.
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John R. Richards, Judd E. Hollander, Edward A. Ramoska, Fareed N. Fareed, I. Charles Sand, María Manuela Izquierdo Gómez & Richard A. Lange. (2016) β-Blockers, Cocaine, and the Unopposed α-Stimulation Phenomenon. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 22:3, pages 239-249.
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James W. Schurr, Brenda Gitman & Yuly Belchikov. (2014) Controversial Therapeutics: The β-Adrenergic Antagonist and Cocaine-Associated Cardiovascular Complications Dilemma. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 34:12, pages 1269-1281.
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Senthilkumar Damodaran. (2010) Cocaine and beta-blockers: The paradigm. European Journal of Internal Medicine 21:2, pages 84-86.
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Enno FreyeEnno Freye. 2010. Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs. Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs 65 68 .
Kalev Freeman & James A. Feldman. (2008) Cocaine, Myocardial Infarction, and ?-Blockers: Time to Rethink the Equation?. Annals of Emergency Medicine 51:2, pages 130-134.
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Robert S. Hoffman. (2008) Cocaine and β-Blockers: Should the Controversy Continue?. Annals of Emergency Medicine 51:2, pages 127-129.
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Fareed N. Fareed, Gar M. Chan & Robert S. Hoffman. (2007) Death temporally related to the use of a beta adrenergic receptor antagonist in cocaine associated myocardial infarction. Journal of Medical Toxicology 3:4, pages 169-172.
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M. Rocío A. Carrera, José Manuel Trigo, Peter Wirsching, Amanda J. Roberts & Kim D. Janda. (2005) Evaluation of the anticocaine monoclonal antibody GNC92H2 as an immunotherapy for cocaine overdose. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 81:4, pages 709-714.
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Mark M Knuepfer. (2003) Cardiovascular disorders associated with cocaine use: myths and truths. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 97:3, pages 181-222.
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John B. Williams, Susan M. Keenan, Qi Gan & Mark M. Knuepfer. (2003) Hemodynamic response profile predicts susceptibility to cocaine-induced toxicity. European Journal of Pharmacology 464:2-3, pages 189-196.
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Teresa R Franklin, Paul D Acton, Joseph A Maldjian, Jason D Gray, Jason R Croft, Charles A Dackis, Charles P O’Brien & Anna Rose Childress. (2002) Decreased gray matter concentration in the insular, orbitofrontal, cingulate, and temporal cortices of cocaine patients. Biological Psychiatry 51:2, pages 134-142.
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Thomas P. O'Brien, Maria A. Pane, Richard J. Traystman & Christine A. Gleason. (1999) Propranolol blocks cocaine-induced cerebral vasodilation in newborn sheep. Critical Care Medicine 27:4, pages 784-789.
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Mark M. Knuepfer, Qi Gan & Patrick J. Mueller. (1998) Mechanisms of Hemodynamic Responses to Cocaine in Conscious Rats. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 31:3, pages 391-399.
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William R. Pitts, Richard A. Lange, Joaquin E. Cigarroa & L. David Hillis. (1997) Cocaine-induced myocardial ischemia and infarction: Pathophysiology, recognition, and management. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 40:1, pages 65-76.
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Chui-Chung Tseng, Robert W. Derlet & Timothy E. Albertson. (1993) Acute cocaine toxicity: The effect of agents in non-seizure-induced death. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 46:1, pages 61-65.
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Kevin S. Merigian. (1993) Cocaine-induced ventricular arrhythmias and rapid atrial fibrillation temporally related to naloxone administration. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 11:1, pages 96-97.
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Spencer S. Liu, Richard M. Forrester, Glenn S. Murphy, Kevin Chen & Raymond Glassenberg. (1992) Anaesthetic management of a parturient with myocardial infarction related to cocaine use. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 39:8, pages 858-861.
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Anil Om. (1992) Cardiovascular Complications of Cocaine. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 303:5, pages 333-339.
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Marcia L. Umiński. (1992) Anesthesia Care In The Outpatient Setting. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 19:2, pages 537-545.
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Mary C. Ritz, Michael J. Kuhar & Frank R. George. 1992. Recent Developments in Alcoholism. Recent Developments in Alcoholism 273 302 .
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Marc Smith, Daniel Garner & James T Niemann. (1991) Pharmacologic interventions after an LD50 cocaine insult in a chronically instrumented rat model: Are beta-blockers contraindicated?. Annals of Emergency Medicine 20:7, pages 768-771.
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Chui-Chung Tseng, Robert W. Derlet, Larry G. Stark & Timothy E. Albertson. (1991) Cocaine-induced respiratory depression in urethane-anesthetized rats: A possible mechanism of cocaine-induced death. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 39:3, pages 625-633.
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Cynthia M. Tracy, Lisa Bachenheimer, Allen Solomon, Marc M. Cohen, Frederick E. Kuhn, Rakesh Jain, Peter B. Corr & Richard A. Gillis. (1991) Evidence that cocaine slows cardiac conduction by an action on both AV nodal and His-Purkinje tissue in the dog. Journal of Electrocardiology 24:3, pages 257-262.
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I.Charles Sand, Steven L. Brody, Keith D. Wrenn & Corey M. Slovis. (1991) Experience with esmolol for the treatment of cocaine-associated cardiovascular complications. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 9:2, pages 161-163.
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Edward Ramoska & Alfred D Sacchetti. (1985) Propranolol-induced hypertension in treatment of cocaine intoxication. Annals of Emergency Medicine 14:11, pages 1112-1113.
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