41
Views
54
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Phthalate Esters: The Question of Safety

Pages 89-139 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (9)

DeepakK. Agarwal, W. H. Lawrence, JamesE. Turner & John Autian. (1989) Effects of parenteral di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on gonadal biochemistry, pathology, and reproductive performance of mice. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 26:1, pages 39-59.
Read now
K. Sreenivasan. (1986) A Rapid Gpc Method for the Estimation of Hatcol-200 in Polymers. Journal of Liquid Chromatography 9:11, pages 2425-2432.
Read now
D. K. Agarwal, W. H. Lawrence & J. Autian. (1985) Antifertility and mutagenic effects in mice from parenteral administration of di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 16:1, pages 71-84.
Read now
D. K. Agarwal, W. H. Lawrence, L. J. Nunez & J. Autian. (1985) Mutagenicity evaluation of phthalic acid esters and metabolites in salmonella typhimurium cultures. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 16:1, pages 61-69.
Read now
R. Gollamudi, R. Hanumantha Rao, W. H. Lawrence & J. Autian. (1985) Developmental changes in the conversion rates of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate to monoethylhexyl phthalate in rats. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 15:3-4, pages 459-465.
Read now
R. Gollamudi, H. R. Prasanna, R. Hanumantha Rao, W. H. Lawrence & J. Autian. (1983) Impaired metabolism of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in old rats‐an in vitro study. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 12:4-6, pages 623-632.
Read now
Jean-Maurice Vergnaud. (1983) Scientific Aspects of Plasticizer Migration from Plasticized Pvc Into Liquids. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 20:1, pages 1-22.
Read now
W. H. Lawrence & Sheila F. Tuell. (1979) Phthalate Esters: The Question of Safety—An Update. Clinical Toxicology 15:4, pages 447-466.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (45)

A. O. Sedova & V. B. Сhernykh. (2023) The negative impact of phthalates on male reproductive system and fertility. Andrology and Genital Surgery 24:2, pages 19-30.
Crossref
Yufeng Ma, Shengliang Liao, Qiaoguang Li, Qian Guan, Puyou Jia & Yonghong Zhou. (2020) Physical and chemical modifications of poly(vinyl chloride) materials to prevent plasticizer migration - Still on the run. Reactive and Functional Polymers 147, pages 104458.
Crossref
Mario Vincenzo Russo, Pasquale Avino, Luisa Perugini & Ivan Notardonato. (2015) Extraction and GC-MS analysis of phthalate esters in food matrices: a review. RSC Advances 5:46, pages 37023-37043.
Crossref
Velio BocciVelio Bocci. 2011. OZONE. OZONE 35 74 .
M.C. Pietrogrande, D. Rossi & G. Paganetto. (2003) Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its metabolites in hepatic microsomal incubations. Analytica Chimica Acta 480:1, pages 1-10.
Crossref
Richard W. Eaton. (2001) Plasmid-Encoded Phthalate Catabolic Pathway in Arthrobacter keyseri 12B . Journal of Bacteriology 183:12, pages 3689-3703.
Crossref
A.M Jha, A.C Singh & M Bharti. (1998) Germ cell mutagenicity of phthalic acid in mice. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 422:2, pages 207-212.
Crossref
F.A Arcadi, C Costa, C Imperatore, A Marchese, A Rapisarda, M Salemi, G.R Trimarchi & G Costa. (1998) Oral Toxicity of Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate During Pregnancy and Suckling in the Long–Evans Rat. Food and Chemical Toxicology 36:11, pages 963-970.
Crossref
L. E. Burridge & K. Haya. (2007) A Review of Di‐n‐Butylphthalate in the Aquatic Environment: Concerns Regarding Its Use in Salmonid Aquaculture. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 26:1, pages 1-13.
Crossref
E. Kondili, M. Kontominas & M. Kosmas. (1993) The effect of stirring on the diffusion of small molecules from a polymer matrix into a solution. Polymer 34:12, pages 2592-2596.
Crossref
Tina Granholm, Dianne M. Creasy, Pasi Pöllänen & Olof Söder. (1992) Di-n-pentyl phthalate-induced inflammatory changes in the rat testis are accompanied by local production of a novel lymphocyte activating factor. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 21:1, pages 1-14.
Crossref
Michael A. Kamrin & Gilbert H. Mayor. (2013) Diethyl Phthalate: A Perspective. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 31:5, pages 484-489.
Crossref
E. Kondyli, P.G. Demertzis & M.G. Kontominas. (1990) Migration of dioctylphthalate and dioctyladipate plasticizers from polyvinylchloride films into olive oil. Food Chemistry 36:1, pages 1-10.
Crossref
P. Blais. (2004) Vinyl in medicine—a special case. Journal of Vinyl Technology 11:2, pages 71-80.
Crossref
S. Jayaraman, K. R. Anila Kumar & M. V. Rama Rao. (1988) Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate induced peroxidative stress in rat liver. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41:3, pages 360-364.
Crossref
Devendra Parmar, Satya P. Srivastava, G.B. Singh & Prahlad K. Seth. (1987) Effect of testosterone on the testicular atrophy caused by DI(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate (DEHP). Toxicology Letters 36:3, pages 297-308.
Crossref
Bruce G. Hammond, George J. Levinskas, Ellen C. Robinson & Frederick R. Johannsen. (2016) A Review of the Subchronic Toxicity of Butyl Benzyl Phthalate. Toxicology and Industrial Health 3:2, pages 79-98.
Crossref
E. J. Ritter, W. J. ScottJr.Jr., J. L. Randall & J. M. Ritter. (2005) Teratogenicity of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2‐ethylhexanol, 2‐ethylhexanoic acid, and valproic acid, and potentiation by caffeine. Teratology 35:1, pages 41-46.
Crossref
Dymitr Komitowski, Peter Schmezer, Bertold Schmitt, Volker Ehemann & Shuhei Muto. (1986) Quantitative analysis of the early changes of hepatocyte nuclei after treating Syrian golden hamsters with Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 111:2, pages 103-107.
Crossref
R. Gollamudi, W. H. Lawrence, R. H. Rao & J. Autian. (2006) Effects of phthalic acid esters on drug metabolizing enzymes of rat liver. Journal of Applied Toxicology 5:6, pages 368-371.
Crossref
D.K. Agarwal, R.R. Maronpot, J.C. LambIVIV & W.M. Kluwe. (1985) Adverse effects of butyl benzyl phthalate on the reproductive and hematopoietic systems of male rats. Toxicology 35:3, pages 189-206.
Crossref
Gary M. Pollack, James F. Buchanan, Richard L. Slaughter, Romesh K. Kohli & Danny D. Shen. (1985) Circulating concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its de-esterified phthalic acid products following plasticizer exposure in patients receiving hemodialysis. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 79:2, pages 257-267.
Crossref
. (2016) 7 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Dibutyl Phthalate, Dimethyl Phthalate, and Diethyl Phthalate. Journal of the American College of Toxicology 4:3, pages 267-303.
Crossref
Gary M. Pollack, Richard L. Slaughter, James F. Buchanan & Danny D. Shen. (1984) High-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in human blood specimens. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 311, pages 101-108.
Crossref
Christina Melin & Hans Egnéus. (2006) Effects of di‐ n ‐butyl phthalate on growth and photosynthesis in algae and on isolated organelles from higher plants . Physiologia Plantarum 59:3, pages 461-466.
Crossref
Frank P. Bell & Darwin A. Buthala. (1983) Biochemical changes in liver of rats fed the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexy) phthalate. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 31:2, pages 177-182.
Crossref
Ingemar Kihlström. (2009) Placental Transfer of Diethylhexyl Phthalate in the Guinea‐pig Placenta Perfused in Situ . Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 53:1, pages 23-27.
Crossref
Halfdan Aass, Anders Hedberg, Tor Skomedal, Enar Carlsson & Jan‐Bjørn Osnes. (2009) Characterization of Mechanical Effects and β‐Adrenoceptor Binding of Prenalterol in Rat Myocardium. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 53:1, pages 3-11.
Crossref
K. Rathinam, A.C. Fernandez, P.V. Vedanarayanan, V.V. Bhujle & K. Srinivasan. (1983) The occurrence of phthalic acid esters in various samples of commercially available sodium chloride injections (Indian Pharmacopoeia). Toxicology Letters 15:4, pages 329-333.
Crossref
Dianne M. Creasy, John R. Foster & Paul M. D. Foster. (2005) The morphological development of di‐ n ‐pentyl phthalate induced testicular atrophy in the rat . The Journal of Pathology 139:3, pages 309-321.
Crossref
Paul M.D. Foster, Lucy V. Thomas, Melvyn W. Cook & David G. Walters. (1983) Effect of DI-n-pentyl phthalate treatment on testicular steroidogenic enzymes and cytochrome P-450 in the rat. Toxicology Letters 15:2-3, pages 265-271.
Crossref
D. L. Putman, W. A. Moore, L. M. Schechtman & J. R. Hodgson. (2006) Cytogenetic evaluation of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate and its major metabolites in fischer 344 rats. Environmental Mutagenesis 5:2, pages 227-231.
Crossref
Brian G. Lake, John R. Foster, Michael A. Collins, Colin R. Stubberfield, Sharat D. Gangolli & S. P. Srivastava. (2009) Studies on the Effects of Orally Administered Dicyclohexyl Phthalate in the Rat. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 51:3, pages 217-226.
Crossref
Richard W. Eaton & Douglas W. Ribbons. (1982) Utilization of phthalate esters by micrococci. Archives of Microbiology 132:2, pages 185-188.
Crossref
Richard W. Eaton & Douglas W. Ribbons. (1982) The transformation of phthalaldehydate by phthalate-grown Micrococcus strain 12B. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 216:1, pages 289-295.
Crossref
Paul M.D. Foster, John R. Foster, Melvyn W. Cook, Lucy V. Thomas & Sharat D. Gangolli. (1982) Changes in ultrastructure and cytochemical localization of zinc in rat testis following the administration of Di-n-pentyl phthalate. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 63:1, pages 120-132.
Crossref
JOSEPH C. ARCOS, YIN-TAK WOO & MARY F. ARGUS. 1982. Aliphatic Carcinogens. Aliphatic Carcinogens 1 681 .
Björn Ekwall, Christina Nordensten & Lennart Albanus. (1982) Toxicity of 29 plasticizers to HeLa cells in the MIT-24 system. Toxicology 24:3-4, pages 199-210.
Crossref
Paul M. D. Foster, Brian G. Lake, Melvyn W. Cook, Lucy V. Thomas & Sharat D. Gangolli. 1982. Biological Reactive Intermediates—II. Biological Reactive Intermediates—II 445 452 .
Beverley A. Mangham, John R. Foster & Brian G. Lake. (1981) Comparison of the hepatic and testicular effects of orally administered Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dialkyl 79 phthalate in the rat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 61:2, pages 205-214.
Crossref
Barrie F. Taylor, Richard W. Curry & Eugene F. Corcoran. (1981) Potential for Biodegradation of Phthalic Acid Esters in Marine Regions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 42:4, pages 590-595.
Crossref
Hemming I. Virgin, Ann‐Marie Holst & Johan Mörner. (2006) Effect of di‐n‐butylphthalate on the carotenoid synthesis in green plants. Physiologia Plantarum 53:2, pages 158-163.
Crossref
P.M.D. Foster, B.G. Lake, Lucy V. Thomas, M.W. Cook & S.D. Gangolli. (1981) Studies on the testicular effects and zinc excretion produced by various isomers of monobutyl-o-phthalate in the rat. Chemico-Biological Interactions 34:2, pages 233-238.
Crossref
Frank P. Bell & E. V. Hubert. (1980) Effect of DEHP on adenine nucleotide translocase activity in isolated rat heart mitochondria. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 25:1, pages 487-491.
Crossref
Mohammad Mushtaq, S.P. Srivastava & Prahlad K. Seth. (1980) Effect of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on glycogen metabolism in rat liver. Toxicology 16:2, pages 153-161.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.