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Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology Volume 35, 1997 - Issue 1
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Research Article

Surveillance of Loperamide Ingestions: An Analysis of 216 Poison Center Reports

Toby Litovitz National Capital Poison Center, Washington, DC
,
Cathleen Clancy National Capital Poison Center, Washington, DC; McNeil Consumer Products Company, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania; The Poison Control Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
,
Barbara Korberly McNeil Consumer Products Company, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania
,
Anthony R. Temple McNeil Consumer Products Company, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania
&
Katherine V. Mann The Poison Control Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pages 11-19 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

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William Eggleston, Robert Palmer, Pierre-André Dubé, Stephen Thornton, Andrew Stolbach, Diane P Calello & Jeanna M Marraffa. (2020) Loperamide toxicity: recommendations for patient monitoring and management. Clinical Toxicology 58:5, pages 355-359.
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Cornel N. Stanciu & Samantha A. Gnanasegaram. (2017) Loperamide, the “Poor Man’s Methadone”: Brief Review. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 49:1, pages 18-21.
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Andrew Crowe & Penny Wong. (2004) pH Dependent Uptake of Loperamide Across the Gastrointestinal Tract: An In Vitro Study. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 30:5, pages 449-459.
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Richard J. Hamilton & Lewis R. Goldfrank. (1997) Poison Center Data and the Pollyanna Phenomenon. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 35:1, pages 21-23.
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Articles from other publishers (36)

Hua Rong Lu, Bruce P. Damiano, Mohamed Kreir, Jutta Rohrbacher, Henk van der Linde, Tamerlan Saidov, Ard Teisman & David J. Gallacher. (2023) The Potential Mechanisms behind Loperamide-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias Associated with Human Abuse and Extreme Overdose. Biomolecules 13:9, pages 1355.
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Peter E. Wu & David N. Juurlink. (2022) Loperamide Cardiac Toxicity: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Management. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 38:9, pages 1378-1383.
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. 2022. Arzneimitteltherapie in der Palliativmedizin. Arzneimitteltherapie in der Palliativmedizin 109 180 .
Boris Zernikow, Jens Berrang, Carola Hasan, Margit Baumann-Köhler, Michael C. Frühwald, Johannes Holzapfel, Silke Kromm & Thomas Berger. 2022. Pädiatrische Palliativversorgung – Schmerzbehandlung und Symptomkontrolle. Pädiatrische Palliativversorgung – Schmerzbehandlung und Symptomkontrolle 61 122 .
Cori A. Malinky, Craig W. Lindsley & Changho Han. (2021) DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Loperamide. ACS Chemical Neuroscience 12:16, pages 2964-2973.
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Lauren Strzyzewski, Phillip Key, Prentiss Jones & Joseph A. Prahlow. (2020) Loperamide Abuse and Its Sequelae. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology 41:3, pages 207-210.
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Jonathan D Cicci, Sarah M Jagielski, Megan M Clarke, Robert A Rayson & Matthew A Cavender. (2019) Loperamide overdose causing torsades de pointes and requiring Impella temporary mechanical support: a case report. European Heart Journal - Case Reports 3:4, pages 1-6.
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John W. Powell & Susan Erin Presnell. (2019) Loperamide as a Potential Drug of Abuse and Misuse: Fatal Overdoses at the Medical University of South Carolina. Journal of Forensic Sciences 64:6, pages 1726-1730.
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Hannah R. Fudin, Jennifer L. Babin, Lisa T. Hong, Jennifer Ku, Alisyn L. May, Alexander Wisner, F. Scott Hall & Sidhartha D. Ray. 2018. A Worldwide Yearly Survey of New Data in Adverse Drug Reactions. A Worldwide Yearly Survey of New Data in Adverse Drug Reactions 29 89 .
. 2018. Arzneimitteltherapie in der Palliativmedizin. Arzneimitteltherapie in der Palliativmedizin 83 143 .
Peter E. Wu & David N. Juurlink. (2017) Clinical Review: Loperamide Toxicity. Annals of Emergency Medicine 70:2, pages 245-252.
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Stephen W. Borron, Susan H. Watts, Jonathan Tull, Salvador Baeza, Stephanie Diebold & Alison Barrow. (2017) Intentional Misuse and Abuse of Loperamide: A New Look at a Drug with “Low Abuse Potential”. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 53:1, pages 73-84.
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Maria Katselou, Ioannis Papoutsis, Panagiota Nikolaou, Artemisia Dona, Chara Spiliopoulou & Sotiris Athanaselis. (2017) “Poor man’s methadone” can kill the poor man. Extra-medical uses of loperamide: a review. Forensic Toxicology 35:2, pages 217-231.
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Heather Miller, Ladan Panahi, Daniel Tapia, Andrew Tran & John D. Bowman. (2017) Loperamide misuse and abuse. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 57:2, pages S45-S50.
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William Eggleston, Kenneth H. Clark & Jeanna M. Marraffa. (2017) Loperamide Abuse Associated With Cardiac Dysrhythmia and Death. Annals of Emergency Medicine 69:1, pages 83-86.
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PATRICIA VAUGHN, MICHELLE M. K. SOLIK, SHIV BAGGA & BENZY J. PADANILAM. (2016) Electrocardiographic Abnormalities, Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias, and Cardiomyopathy Associated With Loperamide Abuse. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 27:10, pages 1230-1233.
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O. Mukarram, Y. Hindi, G. Catalasan & J. Ward. (2016) Loperamide Induced Torsades de Pointes: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Medicine 2016, pages 1-3.
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Jennifer Dierksen, Morna Gonsoulin & Jeffrey P. Walterscheid. (2015) Poor Man's Methadone. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology 36:4, pages 268-270.
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Hannah L. Spinner, Nick W. Lonardo, Roja Mulamalla & Josef Stehlik. (2015) Ventricular Tachycardia Associated with High-Dose Chronic Loperamide Use. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 35:2, pages 234-238.
Crossref
. 2015. Arzneimitteltherapie in der Palliativmedizin. Arzneimitteltherapie in der Palliativmedizin 65 126 .
Enrica Di Rosa & Antonio E. Di Rosa. (2013) Loperamide overdose-induced catatonia: potential role of brain opioid system and P-glycoprotein. Acta Neuropsychiatrica 26:1, pages 58-60.
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Raminta Daniulaityte, Robert Carlson, Russel Falck, Delroy Cameron, Sujan Perera, Lu Chen & Amit Sheth. (2013) “I just wanted to tell you that loperamide WILL WORK”: A web-based study of extra-medical use of loperamide. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 130:1-3, pages 241-244.
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Stephen Thornton & Binh T. Ly. 2013. Emergency Medicine. Emergency Medicine 1334 1342.e1 .
Claud Regnard, Robert Twycross, Mary Mihalyo & Andrew Wilcock. (2011) Loperamide. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 42:2, pages 319-323.
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Stefan J. Friedrichsdorf, Ross Drake & M. Louise Webster. 2011. Textbook of Interdisciplinary Pediatric Palliative Care. Textbook of Interdisciplinary Pediatric Palliative Care 311 334 .
Joris Vandenbossche, Maarten Huisman, Yimei Xu, Dawn Sanderson-Bongiovanni & Paul Soons. (2010) Loperamide and P-glycoprotein inhibition: assessment of the clinical relevance. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 62:4, pages 401-412.
Crossref
LUKE YIP, BRUNO MÉGARBANE & STEPHEN W. BORRON. 2007. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose 635 658 .
SUZANNE R. WHITE & MATTHEW W. HEDGE. 2007. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose 271 287 .
Katherine Kelly Orr, Kelly L. Matson & Brian J. Cowles. (2016) Nonprescription Medication Use by Infants and Children: Product Labeling Versus Evidence-Based Medicine. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 19:5, pages 286-294.
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Mikko Niemi, Aleksi Tornio, Marja K. Pasanen, Hanna Fredrikson, Pertti J. Neuvonen & Janne T. Backman. (2006) Itraconazole, gemfibrozil and their combination markedly raise the plasma concentrations of loperamide. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 62:6, pages 463-472.
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F. Lee Cantrell. 2005. Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Encyclopedia of Toxicology 743 744 .
S Chanzy, S Moretti, H Mayet, M.C Routon, C De Gennes & J.C Msélati. (2004) Perte de connaissance chez une jeune enfant secondaire à la prise de lopéramide. Archives de Pédiatrie 11:7, pages 826-827.
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Andrew Crowe & Penny Wong. (2003) Potential roles of P-gp and calcium channels in loperamide and diphenoxylate transport. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 193:1, pages 127-137.
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. 2001. Dreisbach's Handbook of Poisoning. Dreisbach's Handbook of Poisoning 390 421 .
D. Wingate, S. F. Phillips, S. J. Lewis, J.‐R. Malagelada, P. Speelman, R. Steffen & G. N. J. Tytgat. (2002) Guidelines for adults on self‐medication for the treatment of acute diarrhoea. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 15:6, pages 773-782.
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Peter A. Chyka & Steven W. McCommon. (2000) Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions by Poison Control Centres in the US. Drug Safety 23:1, pages 87-93.
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