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REVIEW ARTICLE

Spinal cord markers in ALS: Diagnostic and biomarker considerations

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Pages 407-415 | Received 09 Nov 2011, Accepted 11 Dec 2011, Published online: 13 Feb 2012

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Peter Bede, Rangariroyashe H. Chipika & Ee Ling Tan. (2023) Imaging extra-motor dysfunction in motor neuron disease: achievements and controversies. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration 24:7-8, pages 559-561.
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Grainne Mulkerrin, Marcondes C. França$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Jasmin Lope, Ee Ling Tan & Peter Bede. (2022) Neuroimaging in hereditary spastic paraplegias: from qualitative cues to precision biomarkers. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 22:7, pages 745-760.
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Erik P. Pioro, Martin R. Turner & Peter Bede. (2020) Neuroimaging in primary lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration 21:sup1, pages 18-27.
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Peter Bede. (2019) The histological correlates of imaging metrics: postmortem validation of in vivo findings. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration 20:7-8, pages 457-460.
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Eoin Finegan, Rangariroyashe H. Chipika, Stacey Li Hi Shing, Orla Hardiman & Peter Bede. (2019) Primary lateral sclerosis: a distinct entity or part of the ALS spectrum?. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration 20:3-4, pages 133-145.
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Peter Bede & Orla Hardiman. (2018) Longitudinal structural changes in ALS: a three time-point imaging study of white and gray matter degeneration. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration 19:3-4, pages 232-241.
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Peter Bede, Parameswaran M. Iyer, Christina Schuster, Marwa Elamin, Russell L. Mclaughlin, Kevin Kenna & Orla Hardiman. (2016) The selective anatomical vulnerability of ALS: ‘disease-defining’ and ‘disease-defying’ brain regions. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration 17:7-8, pages 561-570.
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Articles from other publishers (39)

Ee Ling Tan, Peter Bede & Pierre-Francois Pradat. (2023) Promises and pitfalls of imaging-based biomarkers in motor neuron diseases. Current Opinion in Neurology 36:4, pages 346-352.
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Mary Clare McKenna, Jasmin Lope, Peter Bede & Ee Ling Tan. (2023) Thalamic pathology in frontotemporal dementia: Predilection for specific nuclei, phenotype‐specific signatures, clinical correlates, and practical relevance. Brain and Behavior 13:2.
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Mary Clare McKenna, Jasmin Lope, Ee Ling Tan & Peter Bede. (2022) Pre-symptomatic radiological changes in frontotemporal dementia: propagation characteristics, predictive value and implications for clinical trials. Brain Imaging and Behavior 16:6, pages 2755-2767.
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Sandra Anne Banack, Rachael Anne Dunlop, Elijah W. Stommel, Paul Mehta & Paul Alan Cox. (2022) miRNA extracted from extracellular vesicles is a robust biomarker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 442, pages 120396.
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P. Bede, P.-F. Pradat, J. Lope, P. Vourc’h, H. Blasco & P. Corcia. (2022) Primary Lateral Sclerosis: Clinical, radiological and molecular features. Revue Neurologique 178:3, pages 196-205.
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Mary Clare McKenna, Marlene Tahedl, Aizuri Murad, Jasmin Lope, Orla Hardiman, Siobhan Hutchinson & Peter Bede. (2022) White matter microstructure alterations in frontotemporal dementia: Phenotype‐associated signatures and single‐subject interpretation. Brain and Behavior 12:2.
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Robert L. Barry, Angel Torrado-Carvajal, John E. Kirsch, Grae E. Arabasz, Daniel S. Albrecht, Zeynab Alshelh, Olivia Pijanowski, Austin J. Lewis, Mackenzie Keegan, Beverly Reynolds, Paulina C. Knight, Erin J. Morrissey, Marco L. Loggia, Nazem Atassi, Jacob M. Hooker & Suma Babu. (2022) Selective atrophy of the cervical enlargement in whole spinal cord MRI of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NeuroImage: Clinical 36, pages 103199.
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Elise Liu, Léa Karpf & Delphine Bohl. (2021) Neuroinflammation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia and the Interest of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Study Immune Cells Interactions With Neurons. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 14.
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Stacey Li Hi Shing, Mary Clare McKenna, We Fong Siah, Rangariroyashe H. Chipika, Orla Hardiman & Peter Bede. (2021) The imaging signature of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions: implications for clinical trials and therapy development. Brain Imaging and Behavior 15:5, pages 2693-2719.
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Shraddha Tripathi, Bakhya Shree, Stuti Mohapatra, Swati, Anirban Basu & Vivek Sharma. (2021) The Expanding Regulatory Mechanisms and Cellular Functions of Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Neuroinflammation. Molecular Neurobiology 58:6, pages 2916-2939.
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Pierre-François Pradat, Emilien Bernard, Philippe Corcia, Philippe Couratier, Christel Jublanc, Giorgia Querin, Capucine Morélot Panzini, François Salachas, Christophe Vial, Karim Wahbi, Peter Bede & Claude Desnuelle. (2020) The French national protocol for Kennedy’s disease (SBMA): consensus diagnostic and management recommendations. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 15:1.
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René Labounek, Jan Valošek, Tomáš Horák, Alena Svátková, Petr Bednařík, Lubomír Vojtíšek, Magda Horáková, Igor Nestrašil, Christophe Lenglet, Julien Cohen-Adad, Josef Bednařík & Petr Hluštík. (2020) HARDI-ZOOMit protocol improves specificity to microstructural changes in presymptomatic myelopathy. Scientific Reports 10:1.
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Sandra Anne Banack, Rachael Anne Dunlop & Paul Alan Cox. (2020) An miRNA fingerprint using neural-enriched extracellular vesicles from blood plasma: towards a biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Open Biology 10:6.
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Peter Bede & Pierre-Francois Pradat. (2019) Editorial: Biomarkers and Clinical Indicators in Motor Neuron Disease. Frontiers in Neurology 10.
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Takashi Hosaka, Takenari Yamashita, Akira Tamaoka & Shin Kwak. (2019) Extracellular RNAs as Biomarkers of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20:13, pages 3148.
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Mohamed Mounir El Mendili, Giorgia Querin, Peter Bede & Pierre-François Pradat. (2019) Spinal Cord Imaging in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Historical Concepts—Novel Techniques. Frontiers in Neurology 10.
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Rangariroyashe Hannah Chipika, Eoin Finegan, Stacey Li Hi Shing, Orla Hardiman & Peter Bede. (2019) Tracking a Fast-Moving Disease: Longitudinal Markers, Monitoring, and Clinical Trial Endpoints in ALS. Frontiers in Neurology 10.
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Malcolm Proudfoot, Peter Bede & Martin R. Turner. (2019) Imaging Cerebral Activity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Frontiers in Neurology 9.
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Peter Bede, Rangariroyashe H. Chipika, Eoin Finegan, Stacey Li Hi Shing, Mark A. Doherty, Jennifer C. Hengeveld, Alice Vajda, Siobhan Hutchinson, Colette Donaghy, Russell L. McLaughlin & Orla Hardiman. (2019) Brainstem pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral sclerosis: A longitudinal neuroimaging study. NeuroImage: Clinical 24, pages 102054.
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Marco Battiston, Francesco Grussu, Andrada Ianus, Torben Schneider, Ferran Prados, James Fairney, Sebastien Ourselin, Daniel C. Alexander, Mara Cercignani, Claudia A.M. Gandini Wheeler‐Kingshott & Rebecca S. Samson. (2017) An optimized framework for quantitative magnetization transfer imaging of the cervical spinal cord in vivo. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 79:5, pages 2576-2588.
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Marco Battiston, Torben Schneider, Ferran Prados, Francesco Grussu, Marios C. Yiannakas, Sebastien Ourselin, Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler‐Kingshott & Rebecca S. Samson. (2017) Fast and reproducible in vivo T 1 mapping of the human cervical spinal cord . Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 79:4, pages 2142-2148.
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Stella Gagliardi, Susanna Zucca, Cecilia Pandini, Luca Diamanti, Matteo Bordoni, Daisy Sproviero, Maddalena Arigoni, Martina Olivero, Orietta Pansarasa, Mauro Ceroni, Raffaele Calogero & Cristina Cereda. (2018) Long non-coding and coding RNAs characterization in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Spinal Cord from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients. Scientific Reports 8:1.
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Christina Schuster, Orla Hardiman & Peter Bede. (2017) Survival prediction in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on MRI measures and clinical characteristics. BMC Neurology 17:1.
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Peter Bede, Eoin Finegan & Orla Hardiman. (2017) From pneumomyelography to cord tractography: historical perspectives on spinal imaging. Future Neurology 12:3, pages 121-124.
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Yoram Cohen, Debbie Anaby & Darya Morozov. (2017) Diffusion MRI of the spinal cord: from structural studies to pathology. NMR in Biomedicine 30:3, pages e3592.
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D.B. McCoy, J.F. Talbott, Michael Wilson, M.D. Mamlouk, J. Cohen-Adad, Mark Wilson & J. Narvid. (2017) MRI Atlas-Based Measurement of Spinal Cord Injury Predicts Outcome in Acute Flaccid Myelitis. American Journal of Neuroradiology 38:2, pages 410-417.
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Peter Bede. (2017) From qualitative radiological cues to machine learning: MRI-based diagnosis in neurodegeneration. Future Neurology 12:1, pages 5-8.
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Peter Bede, Parameswaran M. Iyer, Eoin Finegan, Taha Omer & Orla Hardiman. (2017) Virtual brain biopsies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Diagnostic classification based on in vivo pathological patterns. NeuroImage: Clinical 15, pages 653-658.
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Christina Schuster, Orla Hardiman & Peter Bede. (2016) Development of an Automated MRI-Based Diagnostic Protocol for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Using Disease-Specific Pathognomonic Features: A Quantitative Disease-State Classification Study. PLOS ONE 11:12, pages e0167331.
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C. Schuster, M. Elamin, O. Hardiman & P. Bede. (2016) The segmental diffusivity profile of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated white matter degeneration. European Journal of Neurology 23:8, pages 1361-1371.
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Mohamed-Mounir El Mendili, Timothée Lenglet, Tanya Stojkovic, Anthony Behin, Raquel Guimarães-Costa, François Salachas, Vincent Meininger, Gaelle Bruneteau, Nadine Le Forestier, Pascal Laforêt, Stéphane Lehéricy, Habib Benali & Pierre-François Pradat. (2016) Cervical Spinal Cord Atrophy Profile in Adult SMN1-Linked SMA. PLOS ONE 11:4, pages e0152439.
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Jeffrey Rosenfeld & Michael J. Strong. (2015) Challenges in the Understanding and Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Motor Neuron Disease. Neurotherapeutics 12:2, pages 317-325.
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Neil G. Simon, Martin R. Turner, Steve Vucic, Ammar Al‐Chalabi, Jeremy Shefner, Catherine Lomen‐Hoerth & Matthew C. Kiernan. (2014) Quantifying disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Annals of Neurology 76:5, pages 643-657.
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Mohamed-Mounir El Mendili, Julien Cohen-Adad, Mélanie Pelegrini-Issac, Serge Rossignol, Régine Morizot-Koutlidis, Véronique Marchand-Pauvert, Caroline Iglesias, Sina Sangari, Rose Katz, Stéphane Lehericy, Habib Benali & Pierre-François Pradat. (2014) Multi-Parametric Spinal Cord MRI as Potential Progression Marker in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. PLoS ONE 9:4, pages e95516.
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Andrew J. Asman, Frederick W. Bryan, Seth A. Smith, Daniel S. Reich & Bennett A. Landman. (2014) Groupwise multi-atlas segmentation of the spinal cord’s internal structure. Medical Image Analysis 18:3, pages 460-471.
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Peter Bede & Orla Hardiman. (2014) Lessons of ALS imaging: Pitfalls and future directions — A critical review. NeuroImage: Clinical 4, pages 436-443.
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Peter Bede, Ronan Walsh, Andrew J. Fagan & Orla Hardiman. (2013) “Sand-watch” spinal cord: a case of inferior cervical spinal cord atrophy. Journal of Neurology 261:1, pages 235-237.
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R. S. Samson, O. Ciccarelli, C. Kachramanoglou, L. Brightman, A. Lutti, D. L. Thomas, N. Weiskopf & C. A. M. Wheeler‐Kingshott. (2013) Tissue‐ and column‐specific measurements from multi‐parameter mapping of the human cervical spinal cord at 3 T. NMR in Biomedicine 26:12, pages 1823-1830.
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M.C. Yiannakas, H. Kearney, R.S. Samson, D.T. Chard, O. Ciccarelli, D.H. Miller & C.A.M. Wheeler-Kingshott. (2012) Feasibility of grey matter and white matter segmentation of the upper cervical cord in vivo: A pilot study with application to magnetisation transfer measurements. NeuroImage 63:3, pages 1054-1059.
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