CT imaging features of paranasal sinuses in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia

Abstract

Background

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) causes impaired mucociliary clearance and results in chronic pulmonary and sinonasal symptoms.

Objectives

To study the CT imaging features of paranasal sinuses in children with PCD.

Materials and methods

17 PCD patients ranged from 4 to 13 years, a mean age of 7.9 ± 3.3 years, were included in the final analysis. Patients with non-PCD chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who accepted maxillary balloon catheter dilation were included in the control group. Paranasal sinuses CT scans were scored according to the Lund–Mackay staging system. The correlation between age and Lund–Mackay score was analyzed.

Results

100% (17/17) had rhinosinusitis, 52.9% (9/17) had lung consolidation, 64.7% (11/17) had atelectasis, 35.3% (6/17) had bronchiectasis, and 47.1% (8/17) had a history of neonatal respiratory distress. The mean Lund–Mackay score of PCD patients was 14.2 ± 3.1, that of non-PCD CRS patients was 14.6 ± 5.5, the difference was not significant (p = .79). There was a significant inverse correlation between age and Lund–Mackay score in PCD patients (r = −0.530, p = .029) but not in non-PCD CRS patients (r = −0.168, p = .519).

Conclusion

Radiographic severity of rhinosinusitis in PCD patients was similar to the control population but decreased with age.

Significance

First time to propose radiographic severity of rhinosinusitis in pediatric patients with PCD might decrease with age.

Chinese abstract

背景：原发性纤毛运动障碍 (PCD) 会导致黏液纤毛清除受损并导致慢性肺部症状和鼻窦症状。

目的：研究PCD患儿鼻旁窦CT影像学特征。

材料与方法：17 例 PCD 患儿, 年龄 4 至 13 岁, 平均年龄 7.9 ± 3.3 岁, 被纳入最终分析。接受上颌球囊导管扩张术治疗的非 PCD 慢性鼻窦炎 (CRS) 患者被纳入对照组。根据 Lund-Mackay 分期系统对鼻旁窦CT扫描进行评分。分析了年龄与Lund-Mackay 评分的关系。

结果：100%（17/17）有鼻窦炎, 52.9%（9/17）有肺实变, 64.7%（11/17）有肺不张, 35.3%（6/17）有支气管扩张, 47.1%（8/17）) 有新生儿呼吸窘迫病史。 PCD 患者的平均 Lund-Mackay 评分为 14.2 ± 3.1, 非 PCD CRS 患者的平均 Lund-Mackay 评分为14.6 ± 5.5, 差异不显著（p = .79）。PCD 患者存在显著的年龄和 Lund-Mackay 评分之间的负相关(r = 0.530, p = .029), 但对于非 PCD CRS 患者则不然（r = 0.168, p = .519）。

结论：PCD 患者鼻窦炎的放射影像严重程度与对照组相似, 但随着年龄的增长而降低。

意义：首次提出PCD患儿鼻窦炎的放射影像严重程度可能会随着年龄的增长而减少。

Keywords:

• Primary ciliary dyskinesia
• sinusitis
• computed tomography
• Lund–Mackay
• respiratory distress

Acknowledgment

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).