Speciation of Copper in Materials from the Copper Industry – A Minireview

Abstract

Information about copper speciation forms is essential for analytical laboratories in the copper industry. Because of the technological importance of this analytical information, many laboratories have developed different methods for the speciation of this metal over the past few decades. This review covers over one hundred years (from 1901 to the present) of published work focused on analytical procedures for copper speciation. The analytical techniques used for speciation analysis are classified into two main groups: instrumental techniques and classical methods, which can be based on selective solutions or titration methods implemented after the required sample preparation.

Keywords:

• Copper speciation
• titration methods
• x-ray diffraction (XRD)
• element speciation
  

Conflicts of interest

The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.