Determination of Benzimidazoles in Chicken and Egg Samples by Urea-Based Covalent Organic Polymer (UCOP) Pipette Tip–Solid-Phase Extraction (PT–SPE) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC–MS)

Abstract

A urea-based covalent organic polymer (UCOP), was synthesized using 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI) and 4,4′,4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) trianiline (TTTA) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis. The prepared material was employed as an adsorbent for pipette tip–solid-phase extraction (PT–SPE) for benzimidazoles before high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis (HPLC–MS). The parameters affecting the isolation efficiency, including salt concentration, sample pH, mass of adsorbent, and types and volumes of eluent, were optimized. Using these conditions, PT–SPE provided good linearity from 0.1 to 10 μg kg⁻¹ with low limits of detections (LODs) of 0.02 μg kg⁻¹ together with good precision (relative standard deviations from 4.2 to 8.3%) and accuracy (recoveries from 76.2 to 84.8%). The results demonstrate that the urea-based covalent organic polymer has the potential for the enrichment of trace benzimidazoles.

Keywords:

• Benzimidazoles
• chicken
• eggs
• high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS)
• pipette tip–solid-phase extraction (PT–SPE)
• urea-based covalent organic polymer (UCOP)

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Training Program for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Disciplines in Jiangxi Province, China (20213BCJ22008), Basic Research and Talent Training Program of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JXSNKYJCRC 202201), and the National Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Livestock and Poultry Products in 2022 (GJFP20220301).