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Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
The Canadian Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science
Volume 60, 2021 - Issue 4
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Materials Behaviour and Performance

Effects of titanium content on the large precipitates in 443 ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel

, &
Pages 239-248 | Received 03 Mar 2019, Accepted 15 Oct 2021, Published online: 15 Nov 2021
 

ABSTRACT

The effects of titanium contents on the precipitates of 443 ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel during solidification were determined experimentally and compared with a thermodynamic simulation software, that is, Thermo-Calc. Ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel was cast in a vacuum. The experimental results demonstrated that two types of precipitates during solidification exist in the as-cast ingot according to the compositional characteristics, that is, Al2O3–TiN–NbC and TiN–NbC. The number density of TiN–NbC is larger than the Al2O3–TiN–NbC with the Al2O3 core. The number density of the precipitates increases with the Ti content increasing. These precipitates are generated during solidification. The precipitating process could be well predicted through Thermo-Calc software. The Al2O3 forms first in the liquid steel before solidification, TiN appears later in the solidification process, NbC lastly below 1000°C. The titanium content variation from 0.10% to 0.29% has no apparent effect on the liquidus and precipitation temperatures of TiN, but it distinctly reduces the solidus temperature from 1422°C to 1378°C. The higher Ti content in 443 steel leads to TiN precipitates and Al2O3–TiN particles amount increase during solidification. The disregistry theory and thermodynamic calculation indicate that the Al2O3 could act as the nucleus of TiN and the TiN could act as the nucleus of NbC.

On a analysé les effets de diverses teneurs en titane sur la phase précipitée de l’acier inoxydable ferritique ultra-pur par expérimentation de coulée dans un four à induction sous vide, ainsi que par des calculs de logiciel thermodynamique. Les résultats expérimentaux ont démontré que deux phases précipitées existent dans le lingot brut d’après les caractéristiques de composition, c’est-à-dire Al2O3-TiN-NbC et TiN-NbC. La densité numérique de TiN-NbC est plus élevée que celle d’Al2O3-TiN-NbC avec le noyau Al2O3. La densité numérique des phases précipitées augmente avec l’augmentation de la teneur en Ti. Ces précipités sont créés pendant la solidification. On pourrait bien spéculer sur le processus de précipitation grâce au logiciel Thermo-Calc. L’Al2O3 se forme en premier, le TiN apparaît ensuite, le NbC en dernier. La variation de la teneur en titane n’a pas d’effet apparent sur les températures de liquidus et de précipitation du TiN, mais elle réduit distinctivement la température de solidus. La teneur plus élevée en Ti de l’acier 443 conduit à des précipités de TiN et la quantité de particules d’Al2O3-TiN augmente pendant la solidification. La théorie de discontinuité de déplacement et le calcul thermodynamique indiquent que l’Al2O3 pourrait agir comme noyau du TiN et que le TiN pourrait agir comme noyau du NbC.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Numbers 51374020 and 51874034].

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