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Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
The Canadian Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science
Volume 62, 2023 - Issue 3
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Materials Processing, Characterization and Properties

Effect of milling energy on phase transformation of Ti-Ni powders during mechanical alloying

Effet de l’énergie de broyage sur la transformation de phase des poudres de Ti-Ni lors de la mécanosynthèse

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Pages 397-407 | Received 23 Mar 2022, Accepted 28 Jun 2022, Published online: 13 Jul 2022
 

ABSTRACT

The effect of milling energy on the phase evolution of mechanically alloyed Ti–Ni powders is reported. Alloys were produced by low-energy and high-energy mechanical alloying (LEMA and HEMA, respectively). Powders milled for different times were characterised by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The phase transformations of powders milled by LEMA and HEMA before amorphisation are presented. During LEMA, TiNi, TiNi3, Ti3Ni4, and Ti2Ni were formed at 50 and 100 h. At these times, the results were consistent with the Ti–Ni equilibrium phase diagram. Up to 7.27 wt% of TiNi with a crystallite size of 32.63 ± 0.01 nm appeared at 50–75 h. During HEMA, iron contamination inhibited the formation of the TiNi phase at short milling times, and up to 47.9% of Fe0.2Ni4.8Ti5 was generated. These results indicate that amorphisation and heat treatment are not the only methods of promoting phase transformation in Ti–Ni alloys.

On rapporte l’effet de l’énergie de broyage sur l’évolution de phase des poudres de Ti-Ni alliées mécaniquement. Les alliages ont été produits par mécanosynthèse à faible énergie et à haute énergie (LEMA et HEMA, respectivement). Les poudres broyées à des temps différents ont été caractérisées par diffraction des rayons-X et microscopie électronique à balayage. On présente les transformations de phase des poudres broyées par LEMA et HEMA avant amorphisation. Pendant le LEMA, TiNi, TiNi3, Ti3Ni4 et Ti2Ni étaient formés à 50 et 100 h. À ces temps, les résultats étaient cohérents avec le diagramme de phase d’équilibre de Ti-Ni. Jusqu'à 7.27% en poids de TiNi avec une taille de cristallite de 32.63 ± 0.01 nm est apparu à 50-75 h. Pendant l’HEMA, la contamination par le fer inhibait la formation de la phase TiNi à des temps de broyage courts et jusqu'à 47.9% de Fe0.2Ni4.8Ti5 était engendré. Ces résultats indiquent que l’amorphisation et le traitement thermique ne sont pas les seules méthodes pour favoriser la transformation de phase dans les alliages de Ti-Ni.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Mexican Petroleum Institute (IMP) under project D.62009. L. G. Hernandez-Maya is a fellow of the Programa de Posgrado at the IMP, which is supported by grant 748831 from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT).

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