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Articles

A multiple predictive tool approach for phenotypic and biogeographical ancestry inferences

Pages 71-99 | Received 27 Apr 2021, Accepted 06 Dec 2021, Published online: 29 Dec 2021
 

Abstract

Phenotypic and biogeographical ancestry predictions for 128 Canadians with various self-reported ancestries, generated using the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit/Primer Mix B and VEROGEN’s Universal Analysis Software (UAS) v1.3, were compared to predictions derived from the ERASMUS v2.0, Snipper Application v2.5, Forensic Reference/Resource on Genetics knowledge base [FROG-kb] ©2019 and STRUCTURE v2.3.4, web tools. Performance metrics were calculated for all tools tested. The UAS v1.3 eye color predictions were determined to be accurate (91.8% for brown, 82.4% for blue) with no need to complement results with any other predictive tools. For hair color predictions, the UAS v1.3 was accurate for black (93.5%), for red (80.0%) but limited for brown (50.0%) and for blond (31.3%) using the Highest Probability Approach. The ERASMUS web tool could complement the UAS results using a revised Prediction Guide Approach. Non-admixed individuals with ancestries from Africa, East Asia or Europe were predicted with 79.7% accuracy using the UAS v1.3. Admixed individuals and those with ancestries from India, the Middle East and South America were better classified using Snipper, FROG-kb and STRUCTURE. Complementing UAS v1.3 predictions with those obtained from open access web tools thus represents a way to maximize information derivable from unknown samples.

RÉSUMÉ

Les prédictions phénotypiques et d’ascendances biogéographiques de 128 Canadiens d’ascendances diverses autodéclarées, générées par la trousse ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep/Primer Mix B et le logiciel Universal Analysis Software (UAS) v1.3 de VEROGEN, furent comparées aux prédictions dérivées des outils en ligne ERASMUS v2.0, Snipper Application v2.5, Forensic Reference/Resource on Genetics knowledge base [FROG-kb] ©2019 et STRUCTURE v2.3.4. Les indicateurs de performance furent calculés pour tous les outils évalués. Les prédictions de la couleur des yeux par le UAS v1.3 furent déterminées comme étant précises (91.8% pour le brun, 82.4% pour le bleu) avec nul besoin de complémenter ces résultats avec ceux d’autres outils de prédiction. Pour les prédictions de la couleur des cheveux, le UAS v1.3 a été précis pour le noir (93.5%), pour le roux (80.0%) mais limité pour le brun (50.0%) et le blond (31.3%) en utilisant l’algorithme « Highest Probability Approach ». Le ERASMUS web tool v2.0 pourrait complémenter les résultats de l’UAS en utilisant l’organigramme décisionnel révisé « Prediction Guide Approach ». Les individus d’ascendance africaine, d’Asie de l’Est ou d’Europe furent prédits avec 79.7% de précision avec l’UAS v1.3. Les individus d’ascendance mixte de l’Inde, du Moyen-Orient et d’Amérique du Sud furent mieux classifiés en utilisant Snipper, FROG-kb et STRUCTURE. Complémenter les prédictions de l’UAS v1.3 avec celles dérivées d’outils de prédiction en libre accès permettrait de maximiser l’information pouvant être obtenue d’échantillons inconnus.

Acknowledgements

The author thanks all individuals who gave their consent to participate in this study by providing a buccal swab and Dr. Nancy Laurin for helpful discussions and constructive comments following the review of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Funding

The author reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.

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