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Technical Reports

Observer error in assessing age-related morphology using digital photographs of the pubic symphyseal face

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Pages 213-220 | Received 06 May 2021, Accepted 10 Mar 2022, Published online: 30 Mar 2022
 

Abstract

Forensic anthropologists have long utilised visual assessment of morphological characteristics to establish a biological profile in order to assign an identity to undocumented remains. The present study used the Suchey-Brooks method to estimate ages based on pubic symphysis metamorphosis, as this method may be vulnerable to inherent subjectivity in the assessment of the qualitative phase. This study examines the observer agreement on the pubic symphysis metamorphosis assessment based on digital photographs. A total of 11 observers, with varying levels of qualification and experience, scored 10 pubic symphyses from the collection housed in the Department of Forensic Medicine Hospital Serdang. Fleiss’ Kappa was used in order to assess inter-observer agreement. Results showed that the overall agreement percentage for all observers was 28% (κ = 0.14), slightly increasing to 50% (κ = 0.40) when taking into account only the score given by observers who also have experience with photographs of skeletal remains. Understanding the role of observer agreement (i.e., reliability and reproducibility) is critical for the assessment of age-related morphology from pubic symphysis digital images. This study highlights a problem with the Suchey-Brooks method in assessing age, which was due to inter-observer error. The difficulty in interpreting the characteristic descriptions, especially in digital photographs, emphasises the need for proper training in skeletal morphology assessment.

RÉSUMÉ

Les anthropologues médico-légaux font depuis longtemps appel à l’évaluation visuelle de caractéristiques morphologiques afin de construire un profil biologique dans le but d’attribuer une identité à des restes non identifiés. L’étude présentée repose sur la méthode de Suchey-Brooks permettant d’estimer un âge à partir de la symphyse pubienne, mais empreinte de subjectivité lors de l’attribution de la phase morphologique. Cette étude examine l’accord entre observateurs lors de l’évaluation de la morphologie de la symphyse pubienne à partir de photographies numériques. Au total, 11 observateurs, de qualifications et d’expériences diverses, ont évalué 10 symphyses pubiennes de la collection hébergée au département de médecine légale de l’hôpital Serdang. Le Kappa de Fleiss a été adopté afin d’évaluer la concordance inter-observateurs. Les résultats ont montré que le pourcentage d’accord global pour tous les observateurs était de 28 % (κ = 0,14), et de 50 % (κ = 0,40) en ne considérant que les observateurs avec une expérience dans l’analyse d’ossements sur photographies. La connaissance de l’accord entre observateurs (c’est-à-dire la fiabilité et la reproductibilité) est essentielle dans l’évaluation de la morphologie de la symphyse pubienne à partir d’images numériques. Cette étude souligne un problème lié aux erreurs inter-observateurs lors de l’application de la méthode de Suchey-Brooks pour l’estimation de l’âge. La difficulté lors de l’interprétation des traits caractéristiques souligne la nécessité d’une formation adéquate pour évaluer la morphologie de pièces squelettisés à partir de photographies numériques.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Director General of Health Malaysia for his permission to publish this article. We also thank those who participated in this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.

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