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Research Articles

A critical analysis of temperature variation in relation to urban microclimates and the post-mortem interval

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Pages 52-59 | Received 04 Oct 2021, Accepted 29 May 2022, Published online: 16 Jun 2022
 

Abstract

Temperature data was collected from seven citizen scientists and one expert scientist at eight study sites for a period of 29 days between January 3rd, 2021 and February 3rd, 2021 within the region of Greater Sudbury, Ontario. The purpose of the study was to determine if significant differences exist between the eight study sites and the only Environment Canada weather station for the Greater Sudbury area that could potentially cause negative influences on a PMI estimation. Ambient air temperature was collected five times daily in 3-hour intervals between the hours of 0900 h and 2100 h. Maximum and minimum daily temperatures were recorded during the 2100 h collection. ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and a t-test were performed, showing that significant differences exist between three of the study sites when they are individually compared to Environment Canada. Microclimatic effects can explain this variation and the results serve to caution forensic practitioners that relying on Environment Canada data without studying crime scene environment could lead to errors in PMI calculation.

Résumé

La température externe a été enregistrée par sept scientifiques citoyennes et un expert à 8 lieux d’études lors d’une période de 29 jours entre le 3 janvier et le 3 février 2021 en la région du Grand Sudbury en Ontario. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer s’il y a d’importantes différences entre les 8 lieux d’étude et la seule station de météo d’Environment Canada stationné dans la région du Grand Sudbury qui aura une influence néfaste sur l’estimation IPM. La température de l’air ambiante a été collectionnée 5 fois par jour sur des intervalles de 3 heures entre 9h00 et 21h00. Les valeurs maximales et minimales de la température ont été notées à 21h00 chaque journée. Les résultats de ANOVA, Tukey HSD et le test-t démontrent qu’il existe d’importantes différences entre 3 des lieux d’études lorsqu’ils sont directement comparés aux résultats de la station d’Environment Canada. Cette variation peut être expliquée par des microclimats et ce résultat doit être pris en considération pour des scientifiques forensique qui comptent sur les données d’Environment Canada sans étudier l’environnement du crime, ce qui peut entraîner des erreurs de calcul d’IPM.

Acknowledgements

Thank you to the citizen scientists who managed the manual data collections; Cindy Brisebois, Lynn James, Sharon and David Banfield, Emily Lefebvre, Maggie and Abby Schell, Charlotte and Christopher Diotte-Kelley, and David Meeks. A gracious thank you to Dr. Gerard Courtin for housing one of the weather stations, and for his expert consults.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

Funding for the weather stations used by the citizen scientists was provided by the Department of Forensic Science at Laurentian University.

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