Detection of Additives During a Direct Injection Wall Interaction

ABSTRACT

Incorporating additives to fuel into a piston engine is one strategy used to reduce wear on critical engine parts. The present study aims to experimentally characterize the presence of these additives on a wall after a fuel spray impact under representative Diesel and spark ignition engine conditions. For this purpose, a laser-induced fluorescence technique was implemented on a high pressure, high-temperature vessel. Spectroscopic characterizations of fuels and additives were carried out to design an optical strategy for both engine conditions. Fuel surrogates were chosen to allow the additives to be monitored and to mimic the behavior of commercial fuels. The results obtained for gasoline fuels show that at level of incorporation above 100 ppm the additives reach the surface, demonstrating the effectiveness of the additive use strategy. The results obtained for Diesel cases show that even for a high level of additive incorporation, the thermodynamic conditions lead to a complete evaporation of the additives before impact on the wall, which minimizes the expected effect of these additives on friction reduction.

KEYWORDS:

• Fuel additives
• spray impingement
• liquid film
• laser induced fluorescence

Acknowledgments

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Abbreviation

FMA	=	Friction Modifier Additives
HP	=	High Pressure
HFRR	=	High Frequency Reciprocating Rig
RPC	=	Ring-Piston-Cylinder
LIF	=	Laser Induced Fluorescence
OFM	=	Organic Friction Modifiers
GF	=	Gasoline Fuel
D1	=	Diesel Fuel
SI	=	Spark-Ignition
CI	=	Compression-Ignition