ABSTRACT
This paper describes the multiband behaviour of several circular-shaped hybrid fractal antennas. Initially, a circular-shaped fractal antenna (antenna-A) is designed and its performance is scrutinised. Afterwards, hybrid fractal approach is utilised in the design process to enhance the operational performance and the resultant structure is named as circular-shaped hybrid fractal antenna (antenna-B). The volumetric dimensions exhibited by the antennas are 38 × 38 × 1.6 mm3. The ground plane dimension ‘LPG’ has been optimised specifically with a recently developed teaching-learning-based optimisation algorithm. Fabrication and testing of antenna-B is done in order to justify the proposed strategy. Measured results depict that the fabricated antenna operates at six fundamental resonances with acceptable gain values. A bandwidth of 1.97%, 7.47%, 5.46%, 4.04%, 4.37% and 4.53% is evaluated at the respective bands. Radiation patterns provided by antenna-B are arbitrary bidirectional/ omnidirectional. In addition, the influence of specific design patterns on the performance of antenna-B is studied. Experimental measurements are presented and compared with the simulated ones. From practical outcomes, it is suggested that the proposed antenna-B can be useful for several wireless communication applications such as Satellite communication for downlink, Fixed satellite communication, Radiolocation, Direct broadcast satellite communication and Radars.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).