Identifying Correlates of Peer and Faculty/Staff Sexual Harassment in US Students

ABSTRACT

Sexual harassment and its negative consequences continue to affect a large percentage of higher education students in the US. Previous research has identified a limited number of harassment risk factors, and has generally not examined them in combination. In this study, an expanded set of individual, relationship, and community-level risk factors were examined using hurdle models and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses to identify key risk factors for peer and faculty/staff sexual harassment. Secondary data analysis was conducted using data from a sample of 9,285 students from 18 two-year and four-year schools in Minnesota. CART analyses indicated that, for peer sexual harassment, being younger; consuming alcohol more than once a month; attending a four-year school; being transgender, genderqueer, self-identified, or a cisgender woman; and having experienced bullying were the most important risk factors for peer harassment on campus. For faculty/staff harassment, being gay, lesbian, bisexual, questioning, or having a self-identified sexual orientation was the most important risk factor. These and other risk factors were significant in the hurdle models. More research is needed to understand why these factors are associated with harassment. Limitations and implications for prevention programming at higher education institutions are discussed.

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Notes

¹ Time since matriculation was also identified as a risk factor for sexual harassment, with students who have attended school longer reporting higher rates of harassment (Klein & Martin, 2019). Our dataset did not include a variable that measured time since matriculation for both undergraduate and graduate students; therefore, this variable was not included in our analyses.

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Funding

This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. [00074041] (for KAH). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors received no other financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.