Oxidative decomposition mechanisms of lithium peroxide clusters: an Ab Initio study

Abstract

Oxidative decomposition of solid lithium peroxide is an important part of the charging process in a Li-O₂ battery. In this paper, we investigate oxidative decomposition mechanisms of lithium peroxide clusters as molecular models for solid lithium peroxide using density functional methods to understand charging processes in advanced energy storage systems. Most calculations are done using a (Li₂O₂)₄ cluster with similar results obtained from a larger (Li₂O₂)₁₆ cluster. Reaction pathways of the clusters involving different sequences of oxidation, oxygen evolution, lithium cation removal, and spin excitation are investigated. The computations suggest that certain oxidative decomposition routes may not have dependence on the oxygen evolution or Li-ion removal kinetics due to the exothermicity of oxygen removal and Li⁺ removal (by solvent) upon oxidation. The computed charge potentials evaluated using a tetramer model indicates that it is possible to have low overcharge potential provided there exists a good electronic conductivity to facilitate the oxidative decomposition. Finally, oxidation potentials of a series of Li_xO_y clusters are investigated to assess their dependence on stoichiometry and how the local site from which the electrons are being removed affects the charge potentials.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Oxidative decomposition
• lithium peroxide
• density functional theory
• charge overpotential

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. We acknowledge grants of computer time from the ANL Laboratory Computing Resource Center (Bepop).