ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determine the features of bullying in Estonian universities. In the spring of 2014, 864 faculty members answered our e-mail questionnaire. This questionnaire was based on the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R22); eight additional items dealt with sexual harassment, cyberbullying, and work-related malpractice. Structural equation modelling was used to confirm a model composed of five first-order factors as well as a second-order model that encompassed these five first-order factors. According to these models, representative forms of bullying in Estonian universities included personal insults, work-related blame, professional understating, unreasonable work-related demands, and work-related malpractice. The Academic Bullying Inventory (ABI-10) that was developed is a reliable and valid instrument with which to measure workplace bullying in universities.
Disclosure Statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
ORCID
Matti Meriläinen http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7356-5369
Kristi Kõiv http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-3501