Prognostic relevance of programmed death-ligand 1 expression and microsatellite status in small bowel adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a dreadful disease. Patient prognosis is limited due to late presentation and ineffective chemotherapy. PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint immunotherapy is regarded as a promising approach in several cancer entities. The association of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and its impact on patient prognosis with SBA is unclear.

Material and methods: Seventy-five consecutive patients who underwent surgery for SBA were retrospectively analyzed and stained for PD-L1 expression in the tumour or the stroma. Analysis of mismatch repair genes was performed to determine microsatellite status. Kaplan–Meier estimate was used to analyze patient survival. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression-analyses were used to assess the impact of PD-L1 expression and microsatellite status on patient survival.

Results: PD-L1 was weakly upregulated within the tumour or the stroma and associated with prolonged survival (p = .0071 and p = .0472, respectively). Fifty-one tumours (68%) revealed microsatellite stability (MSS) and 24 tumours (32%) were microsatellite instable (MSI) without correlating with patient survival (p = .611). Neither PD-L1 expression in the tumour nor in the stroma was identified as an independent risk factor influencing survival (p = .572 and p = .3055).

Conclusion: Although PD-L1 expression is associated with prolonged survival, it was not identified as an independent prognostic marker. Microsatellite status did not influence long-term survival.

Keywords:

• Small bowel adenocarcinoma
• programmed death ligand 1 pathway
• microsatellite status
• prognosis
• outcome

Author contributions

All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. J.K. and M.S. designed the study. J.K., F.L., C.H., and C.V., T.S. were involved in data collection. J.K., F.L., C.H., M.J.S., T.B., and M.S. analyzed and interpreted the data. J.K. and M.S. wrote the paper. J.K. and M.S. drafted the paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).