Ex vivo investigation of the effect of the transverse arytenoid ligament on abduction of the arytenoid cartilage when performing equine laryngoplasty

ABSTRACT

Aims: To investigate the effect of the transverse arytenoid ligament (TAL) on abduction of the arytenoid cartilage when performing laryngoplasty.

Methods: Modified prosthetic laryngoplasty was performed on right and left sides of 13 cadaver larynges. Increasing force was sequentially applied to the left arytenoid cartilage at 3 N intervals from 0–24 N, when the force on the right arytenoid cartilage was either 0 or 24 N, before and after TAL transection. Digital photographs of the rostral aspect of the larynx were used to determine the left arytenoid abduction angles for these given force combinations and results compared before and after TAL transection. Longitudinal and transverse sections of the TAL from seven other equine larynges were also examined histologically.

Results: Increasing force on the left arytenoid cartilage from 0–24 N produced a progressive increase in the angle of the left arytenoid cartilage (p < 0.001) and increasing force on the right arytenoid cartilage from 0–24 N reduced the angle of the left arytenoid cartilage (p < 0.001). Following transection of the TAL the mean angle of the left arytenoid increased from 36.7 (95% CI = 30.5–42.8)° to 38.4 (95% CI = 32.3–44.5)°. Histological examination showed that the TAL was not a discrete ligament between the arytenoid cartilages but was formed by the convergence of the ligament and the left and right arytenoideus transversus muscles.

Conclusions: Transection of the TAL in ex vivo equine larynges enabled greater abduction of the left arytenoid cartilage for a given force. These results indicate that TAL transection in conjunction with prosthetic laryngoplasty may have value, but the efficacy and safety of TAL transection under load in vivo, and in horses clinically affected with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy must be evaluated.

Abbreviations: F_max: Force needed to maximally abduct the left or right arytenoid; TAL: Transverse arytenoid ligament

KEYWORDS:

• Equine
• larynx
• laryngoplasty
• transverse arytenoid ligament
• transection