Diversity of amoA and pmoA Genes in Extremely Saline Alkaline Soils of the Former Lake Texcoco

Abstract

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and aerobic methane oxidizing-bacteria (MOB) were studied in three extreme soils of the former Lake Texcoco, Mexico, with pH ranging from 8.5 to 10.5 and electrolytic conductivity (EC) from 0.67 to 84.76 dS m⁻¹, and in two arable soils. Soil DNA was extracted with three different methods and total DNA was used as a template to amplify the pmoA and amoA functional genes and subsequently sequenced by pyrosequencing. The amoA gene sequences clustered as uncultured AOB dominated in the Texcoco soils, while Nitrosospira was dominant in the arable soils. Sequences of MOB associated with Nitrosococcus-rel (Type I) dominated (>85%) in the Texcoco soils, but they were more diverse in the arable soils, for example, JR2, JR3, Methylocaldum USC-g (Type I), USC-a (Type II) and gp23 (pxmA). Aerobic methane oxidizing-bacteria and AOB microbial diversity were significantly related to EC and pH (p < 0.05). As such, the lower MOB and AOB microbial diversity in the Texcoco soil compared to the arable soil was determined by its higher EC and pH.

Keywords:

• Ammonia oxidizing bacteria
• extreme environment
• methane-oxidizing bacteria
• pyrosequencing
• saline-alkaline soils

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Comisión Nacional del Agua (CNA) for access to the former Lake Texcoco.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT, México) project 6805. Valentin Pérez-Hernández and Mario Hernández-Guzmán received grant-aided support from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT, México) numbered [304568] and [306905], respectively.