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ABSTRACT
This study aims to prepare different possible composites using hBN and chitosan in varying ratios and compare them with each other. Composites c/hBN:100/0, c/hBN:75/25 and c/hBN:50/50 were prepared in varying mass ratios. Depending on the changing mass composition, the characterization results are presented in comparison with each other. The surface structures were observed by SEM analysis. FTIR analysis was used for functional group determination. Surface and pore identification was carried out by BET analysis. Crystalline formations were revealed by XRD analysis. True density values were determined by pycnometric analysis. Also, the RB 49 dye removal behavior of the composites was examined and compared with each other. c/hBN:100/0 and c/hBN:75/25 showed the highest removals at pH 4 and as 86.53 and 90.2%, respectively, while c/hBN:50/50 showed it at pH 3 and as 86.59%. The highest adsorption capacities were determined as 105.28, 160.71 and 159.01 mg/g for c/hBN:100/0, c/hBN:75/25 and c/hBN:50/50, respectively at 0.3 g/L dosage. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and intraparticle diffusion model fitted well with the processes over time. The Freundlich isotherm model was found to be compatible with the processes. The positive ΔH and ΔS values and negative ΔG values of each process were presented.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Abbreviations/Nomenclatures
| Abbreviation/Nomenclature | = | Full name |
| qe | = | adsorption capacity |
| AA | = | after adsorption |
| B | = | boron |
| BN | = | boron nitride |
| BET | = | Brunauer–Emmett–Teller |
| c/hBN | = | chitosan/ hexagonal boron nitride |
| C | = | constant |
| Cu(II) | = | copper ion |
| R2 | = | correlation coefficient |
| Ka | = | distribution coefficient |
| qt (mg/g) | = | dye amount adsorbed at anytime |
| Ce (mg/L) | = | dye concentration at equilibrium |
| C0 (mg/L) | = | dye concentration at initial |
| ΔH (kJ/mol) | = | enthalpy change |
| ΔS (kJ/mol K) | = | entropy change |
| FTIR | = | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| KF (mg1-n.g−1L−n) | = | Freundlich model constant |
| R (8.314 J/mol K) | = | gas constant |
| ΔG (kJ/mol) | = | Gibbs free energy change |
| He | = | helium |
| n−1 | = | heterogeneity factor |
| hBN | = | hexagonal boron nitride |
| HCl | = | hydrochloric acid |
| H+ | = | hydrogen ion |
| H2O2 | = | hydrogen peroxide |
| KL (L/mg) | = | Langmuir model constant |
| qm (mg/g) | = | maximum adsorption capacity |
| N | = | nitrogen |
| pzc | = | point of zero charge |
| Ki (mg/(g min1/2)) | = | rate constant for intra-particle diffusion model |
| K1 (1/min) | = | rate constant for pseudo-first-order kinetic model |
| K2 (g/(mg min)) | = | rate constant for pseudo-second-order kinetic model |
| RB3R | = | reactive blue 3R |
| RB 49 | = | reactive blue 49 |
| RP4BN | = | red P4BN |
| SEM | = | scanning electron microscopy |
| NaCl | = | sodium chloride |
| NaOH | = | sodium hydroxide |
| Na+ | = | sodium ion |
| T | = | temperature |
| t (min) | = | time |
| UV-Vis | = | ultraviolet-visible |
| V (L) | = | volume |
| m (g) | = | weight |
| XRD | = | X-ray diffraction |
Statement of Novelty
• It has been presented that more than one stable and possible composite can be prepared by testing different mass ratios of chitosan and hexagonal boron nitride.
• The characterization of the composites is presented comparatively depending on the changing mass composition.
• Removal behavior of the composites was examined and compared with each other.