Abstract
Introduction
n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) have anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce colorectal cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on markers of rectal cell proliferation and apoptosis and examine how genetic variation in desaturase enzymes might modify this effect.
Methods
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, control six-month trial of 2.5 grams of n-3 LCPUFA per day compared to olive oil. Study participants had a history of colorectal adenomas. Randomization was stratified based on the gene variant rs174535 in the fatty acid desaturase 1 enzyme (FADS1). Our primary outcome was change in markers of rectal epithelial proliferation and apoptosis.
Results
A total of 141 subjects were randomized. We found no difference in apoptosis markers between participants randomized to n-3 LCPUFA compared to olive oil (P = 0.41). N-3 LCPUFA supplementation increased cell proliferation in the lower colonic crypt compared to olive oil (P = 0.03) however baseline indexes of proliferation were different between the groups at randomization. We found no evidence that genotype modified the effect.
Conclusions
Our study did not show evidence of a proliferative or pro-apoptotic effect on n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on rectal mucosa regardless of the FADS genotype.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01661764
Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1955286
Acknowledgments
None.
Disclosure statement
The authors report no conflict of interests to disclose.
Authors’ Contributions
HJM, MJS, WZ, QD, HJM designed research; HJM, MJS, QC, TS, MJH, SSC, conducted research; MNW, HJM analyzed data; HJM, MJS, QC, QD wrote the paper, HJM had primary responsibility for final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.