Fermented Soy Drink (Q-CAN® PLUS) Induces Apoptosis and Reduces Viability of Cancer Cells

Abstract

This study tested the ability of a fermented soy product to induce tumor cell toxicity and to assess if this was due to fermentation of soy, and to the genistein content. Four cancer cell lines were cultured without additive, with fermented soy (Q-CAN® PLUS), nonfermented soy, or genistein, and cell viability was examined at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The sensitivity of the cell lines to apoptosis by Q-CAN PLUS was tested with the Annexin V assay. All cell lines demonstrated a dose and time response reduction in tumor cell viability with exposure to Q-CAN PLUS (IC₅₀ at 24 h 3.8 mg/mL to 9 mg/mL). Unfermented soy did not show reduction in viability of any cell line within the same concentration range. The IC₅₀ of genistein for each of the cell lines was significantly greater than for Q-CAN PLUS. All four tumor cell lines demonstrated apoptosis in response to Q-CAN PLUS. Q-CAN PLUS reduces viability and increases apoptosis of cancer cells in a concentration- and fermentation-dependent manner. Taking into consideration the IC₅₀ of genistein and the concentration of genistein in Q-CAN PLUS, the genistein content of Q-CAN PLUS is not responsible for the majority reduction in tumor cell viability. This suggests that fermentation of soy results in the production of metabolites that reduce cancer cell viability and induce cellular apoptosis, and play a major role in addition to any effects produced by their genistein content.

Disclosure Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data Availability Statement

Data will be available from Dr. Xinshou Ouyang on request at [email protected]

Author Contributions

Yonglin Chen: Conducting experimental work and statistical analysis; Eric Secor: Conducting experimental work and statistical analysis; Theresa R. Weiss: Conducting experimental work; Michael Leapman: Experimental design and writing; Xinshou Ouyang: Experimental design and writing; Ather Ali: Experimental design.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by a research grant from BESO Biological Research, Inc. to Yale School of Medicine.