Influence of surface treatment with infrared nanosecond laser on adhesion performance of adhesion-bonded carbon fiber/epoxy composite

Abstract

The surface treatment of carbon fiber/epoxy composites with a pulsed infrared (1064 nm wavelength) nanosecond (7 ns pulse duration) laser has been investigated. It is found that single 1064 nm laser pulse can remove the polymer matrix from composite surface to expose the carbon fibers by expansion of the pyrolysis gas resulting from laser-induced polymer degradation. The influences of laser power density and scan strategy on matrix removal process have been studied. The bonding strength of laser processed, adhesion-bonded CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) increase with lower matrix residues on the fibers and a linear relation is found. The adhesion-bonding strength of CFRP surfaces, tested by lap-joint shear test, exceeds the strength measured for untreated and abrasion treated (SiC paper) samples. The main origin of fiber damage of the laser-treated surface is mechanical fracture rather than thermal damage as found by laser scanning confocal microscope and scanning electron microscope. The characteristic morphologies and failure modes of shear-tested surfaces are analyzed. The obvious improvement of adhesive strength is achieved by the laser-treated surfaces attributed to matrix removal and carbon fibers protruding. A 1 D model is established to describe temperature and internal gas pressure of the irradiated surface. The new laser treatment method needs less laser energy and low pulse numbers and prove the way to an efficient, low-cost surface treatment for preparation of high quality adhesion bonded CFRP components.

Keywords:

• Carbon fiber/epoxy composite
• 1064 nm laser
• matrix removal
• adhesion strength

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Martin Ehrhardt, Dr. Pierre Lorenz, Dr. Klaus Zimmer, Dr. Ivonne Mauersberger (IOM Leipzig) for their help with the scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy measurements, and acknowledge Dr. Zesheng You (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology) for his help with the laser scanning confocal microscope measurements.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the “National Natural Science Foundation of China for International (Regional) Cooperation Research Project [No. 11761131015]”, the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 61605079]”, the “Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [No. 30918011335]”, the “Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter [SKLLIM1604]” and the “National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars [No. 61805120]”.