Removal of drug oxcarbazepine from wastewater at 3D porous NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles

Abstract

The adsorption behavior of an anticonvulsant drug oxcarbazepine from aqueous solution onto 3D porous NiFe₂O₄ was studied at 30, 40, and 50 °C. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of the drug oxycarbazepine have been found as 0.144 mg/mL drug concentration, pH 2.5, and 6 mg 3D porous NiFe₂O₄ adsorbent dose. The estimated values for ΔG° were −5.10 × 10³ onto 3D porous NiFe₂O₄ adsorbent dose at 203 K (30 °C), indicate toward a feasible and spontaneous process. Adsorption isotherms were interpreted from various isotherm models like Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Tempkin and their characteristic parameters were evaluated and compared. The adsorption energy, E and adsorption capacity (Q⁰) for adsorption on 3D porous NiFe₂O₄ were estimated using Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equation. The mass transfer property of the sorption process was studied using series of rate equations like pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order rate equation, Intra-particle diffusion and Liquid film diffusion model. The adsorption performance was investigated thermodynamically under batch equilibrium conditions at 303, 313 and 323 K. The optimum temperature of adsorption is 303 K.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Adsorption
• oxcarbazepine
• isotherms
• 3D porous NiFe₂O₄
• kinetics