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Research Article

Ultrasound-assisted production and characterization of rice bran lecithin-based nanoemulsions

, &
Pages 1368-1375 | Received 21 Dec 2019, Accepted 26 Apr 2020, Published online: 14 May 2020
 

Abstract

Rice bran lecithin (RBL) is a mixture of phospholipids which is obtained as a by-product during the refining of rice bran oil. The emulsifying properties of RBL help in the production of nanoemulsions. Ultrasonication is a high energy approach to produce nanoemulsions with small droplet size and high kinetic stability in comparison to the coarse emulsion. The current study aims to develop stable nanoemulsions using different concentrations of RBL as an emulsifier by ultrasonication (60% amplitude, 40 cycles). Xanthan gum is used as a stabilizing agent for the nanoemulsions. The stability of nanoemulsions under optimum conditions (pH 7, 25 °C) was determined. The nanoemulsions were characterized by determining creaming index, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), microstructure analysis, zeta potential, and shear viscosity. The emulsion with the highest concentration of RBL showed maximum kinetic stability against phase separation. The size of nanoemulsions vary in the range of (10–150 nm), the droplet size analysis showed the stability of nanoemulsions on the 14th day of preparation. Microstructure analysis of droplets on different days of storage showed uniform distribution of droplets in the nanoemulsion, thus leading to high kinetic stability. The zeta potential remained negative due to the adsorption of anionic lecithin on the droplet surface. The viscosity of the nanoemulsion formed after ultrasonication exhibited lower viscosity than the preemulsion due to the formation of small droplets.

Graphical Abstract

Acknowledgement

The financial support to Deepali Lehri provided by Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB), New Delhi; B.L. Agro Industries Ltd., Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), New Delhi under the Prime Minister’s Fellowship Scheme for Doctoral Research; and Prof. Aditya Shastri, Vice Chancellor, Banasthali Vidyapith for providing the research facilities are gratefully acknowledged.

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