ABSTRACT
The nonurgent walking speed probability distribution in a dark, smoke-filled full-scale tunnel was investigated in this study for the clarification of the evacuation behavior for quantitative assessment of the tunnel fire safety. The walking speed data were evaluated for several smoke density levels defined as 0 (no smoke), I (0.01–0.5 m−1), II (0.5–1.0 m−1), and III (> 1.0 m−1), and were commonly found to follow the gamma, normal, or lognormal distribution. The relationship between the walking speed and the extinction coefficient (smoke density) was also surveyed based on the statistical analysis. The average walking speed gradually decreased as the extinction coefficient increased to 2 m−1.
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Acknowledgement
The authors are sincerely grateful to Mr. Yamashita M. (ex-graduate student of Kanazawa University) for the assistance he extended to the team for the experimental data. Further, the authors would like to thank the Fukui Prefectural Civil Engineering Office for the help in the use of the ex-Tonokuchi tunnel.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).