Chokeberry polyphenols preservation using spray drying: effect of encapsulation using maltodextrin and skimmed milk on their recovery following in vitro digestion

Abstract

Aim: Microencapsulation of chokeberry extracts was performed in order to improve functionality, stability, and bioavailability of extracted polyphenols.

Methods: Chokeberry fruits and juice by-product (waste) extracts were spray-dried by using two carriers, maltodextrin and skimmed milk. Morphological and physicochemical characteristics of the obtained powders were analysed. In vitro simulated digestion model was used as an indicator of polyphenolics bioavailability.

Results: The moisture content varied between 3.39 and 4.61%, zeta potential had negative values (35–39 mV), maltodetrin powders were smaller (4.27–5.12 µm) compared to skimmed ones (8.50–11.01 µm). All microparticles exhibited high encapsulation efficiency of total polyphenols and anthocyanins (73–97% and 63–96%, respectively). For both extract types, maltodextrin powders released higher phenolics content compared to skimmed milk. During in vitro digestion, maltodextrin exhibited a higher protective effect on both active compounds.

Conclusion: Taking into account the obtained results, chokeberry polyphenols stability might be improved using spray drying technique, and maltodextrin showed better properties.

Keywords:

• Chokeberry
• waste
• spray drying
• microencapsulation
• polyphenols
• digestion

Author contributions

K. Šavikin provided plant material and designed and supervised the whole study. N. Ćujić-Nikolić prepared the extracts, contributed to the microparticles characterisation, performed colorimetric assays, statistical analysis of the data and wrote the manuscript. N. Stanisavljević and J. Samardžić performed in vitro digestion assay. A. Kalušević prepared microparticles. V. Nedović helped with experimental design. T. Janković performed HPLC analysis, interpreted the results and wrote the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The authors acknowledged gratefully to the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development for financial support, Project No. 46013, Project No. 46010 and Project No. 173005.