Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing rutin were prepared to enhance their photochemopreventive effect on the skin. SLNs were produced by the hot melt microemulsion technique. Two 3D skin models: ex vivo skin explants and 3D tissue engineering skin were used to evaluate the photochemopreventive effect of topical formulations containing rutin SLNs, against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, inducing sunburn cells, caspase-3, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, lipid peroxidation, and metalloproteinase formation. The rutin SLNs presented average size of 74.22 ± 2.77 nm, polydispersion index of 0.16 ± 0.04, encapsulation efficiency of 98.90 ± 0.25%, and zeta potential of −53.0 ± 1.61 mV. The rutin SLNs were able to efficiently protect against UVB induced in the analysed parameters in both skin models. Furthermore, the rutin SLNs inhibited lipid peroxidation and metalloproteinase formation. These results support the use of rutin SLNs as skin photochemopreventive agents for topical application to the skin.
Author contributions
Data curation, formal analysis, interpretation, and writing—review and editing by R.M.M.; methodology, S.SM.; software, R.M.M; and G.L.F.B.; formal analysis, R.M.M and S.M.M.; investigation, R.M.M., S.M.M., M.J.V.F., P.J.R., V.J.M., and L.A.P.F.; resources, R.M.M. and S.S.M.; data curation, R.M.M and S.S.M.; writing—original draft preparation, R.M.M.; writing—review and editing, R.M.M., G.L.F.B., V.J.M., M.J.V.F., and L.A.P.F.; visualisation, R.M.M.; supervision, V.J.M. and L.A.P.F.; project administration, V.J.M. and L.A.P.F.; funding acquisition, V.J.M. and L.A.P.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).