https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8375-2632
![Sample our Environment & Sustainability journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5935/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Environment-Sustainability.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
The issue of homeownership in the working-class peripheries of post-war Europe has received little attention in planning history. The main reason is probably that public housing built at the time of massive operations of constructing Modernist housing estates in Western and Eastern Blocs adopted tenancy as the predominant form of tenure in almost all cases. In the context of widespread growth of urban homeownership during the second half of the twentieth century in European countries, this paper addresses the singularities of ownership in Francoist Spain. In this case, the main peculiarity is that the working classes that flocked to inhabit the new outskirts were the main protagonists of the intense process of the spread in homeownership. First, the article discusses the ideological roots of the spread of homeownership in Spain as a singular phenomenon. Second, the spectacular growth of homeownership in the peripheral working-class districts of Barcelona and in the municipalities of its metropolitan area is analysed. Then, the paper considers the relationships observed between ownership in the new peripheries and the development of powerful urban movements. A final epilogue places such movements in the Western European context.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1 Oyón, Guàrdia, Rosselló, Hernández-Falagan and Roger, La revolució de ĺhabitatge a les perifèries obreres i populars.
2 Oyón, Guàrdia, Rosselló, Hernández-Falagan and Roger, “El franquismo y el triunfo de la vivienda en propiedad. Las periferias obreras de Barcelona (1939–1975)”.
3 Dufaux and Fourcaut, eds. Le Monde des Grands Ensembles; Rowlands, Musterd, and van Kempen, eds. Mass Housing in Europe; Urban, Tower and Slab; Monclús and Díez Medina, “Modernist housing estates in European cities”.
4 Ward, Talking Houses; Bonomo, Politiche abitative e proprietà della casa in Italia nel secondo dopoguerra; Chambers, Garriga and Schalgenhauf, “The Post-War Boom in Homeownership”; Collins and Margo, “Race and Home Ownership”; Fetter, “The Twentieth-Century Increases in US Home Ownership”; Saunders, “Restoring a Nation of Home Owners”; Woodin, Crook and Carpentier, chapter heading: “Community and mutual ownership. A historical review”.
5 Candela Ochotorena, Del pisito a la burbuja inmobiliaria.
6 Kohl, “A Small History of the Homeownership Ideal”.
7 “Homenaje de los colegios de agentes de la Propiedad Inmobiliaria al ministro de la Vivienda y discurso de José Luis Arrese”, La Vanguardia, Saturday 2 May 1959, 10.
8 Mortes, “La vivienda. Ideas sobre el problema,” 198.
9 Ballent, Las huellas del pasado.
10 See note 6.
11 Bonomo, Politiche abitative e proprietà della casa in Italia.
12 Candela, Del pisito a la burbuja inmobiliaria, 238.
13 Tafunell, “La construcción: una gran industria i un gran negoci”.
14 Oyón, Maldonado and Gríful, Barcelona 1930: un atlas social; Institut Nacional d’Estadística, Censo de edificios y viviendas de 1950.
15 Institut Nacional d’Estadística, Censo de la población y de las viviendas de España según la inscripción realizada el 31 de diciembre de 1960. Vols III and IV.
16 Institut Nacional d’Estadística, Censo de la vivienda en España según la inscripción realizada el 31 de diciembre de 1970, Vols I and II.
17 Ibid.
18 Institut Nacional d’Estadística, Censo de la población y de las viviendas de España según la inscripción realizada el 31 de diciembre de 1960. Vols III and IV.
19 Institut Nacional d’Estadística, Encuesta de equipamiento; Institut Nacional d’Estadística, Encuesta de equipamiento.
20 Ibid; Ibid.
21 Oyón and Garcia Soler, “Las segundas periferias, 1918–1936: una geografía preliminar”; Oyón, Maldonado and Gríful, Barcelona 1930: un atlas social, 140–1; Oyón, Guàrdia, Rosselló, Hernández-Falagan and Roger, La revolució de ĺhabitatge a les perifèries obreres i populars.
22 Población y vivienda. Barcelona 1965.
23 Voltes, “Las Roquetas, un suburbio al margen del vivir barcelonés”, La Vanguardia, 3 January 1965.
24 Izquierdo, Miguélez and Subirats (dir.), Enquesta metropolitana 1986.
25 Castells, The City and the Grassroots (La ciudad y las masas. Sociología de los movimientos sociales urbano), 299.
26 Andreu, Barris, veïns i democràcia; Bordetas, Nosotros somos los que hemos hecho esta ciudad.
27 Calavita and Ferrer, “Behind Barcelona’s Success Story: Citizen Movements and Planners’ Power”.
28 Molinero and Ysàs (ed.), Construint la ciutat democràtica. El moviment veïnal durant el tardofranquisme i la transició.
29 Recio and Naya, “Movimiento vecinal. Claroscuros de una lucha necesaria”.
30 Marin, “La fàbrica, el barri, la ciutat i el país”: el franquisme i els seus efectes als Països Catalans, Banyoles, Centre d’Estudis comarcals; Ballarín Elcacho, Casas i Soriano and Manuel Márquez Berrocal, Ca N’Anglada. Lluita d’un barri; Guaita Jiménez, Per les llibertats i la democràcia.; Grup d’història de José Berruezo, Una ciutat dormitori sota el franquisme; Martínez i Muntada, “El moviment veïnal a l’àrea metropolitana de Barcelona.
31 Cuesta Gómez, El moviment veïnal al Barcelonès, 62.
32 Bordetas, “De la supervivència a la resistència”; Ibid.
33 José Miguel Cuesta Gómez, El moviment veïnal al Barcelonès Nord, 43–4.
34 Roca, Trilla, Ferrer and Andreu, “Accés a l’habitatge, veïns i ciutat, 1945–1993”; Candela Ochotorena, Del pisito a la burbuja inmobiliaria; Castells, The City and the Grassroots.
35 Oyón, Guàrdia, Rosselló, Hernández-Falagan and Roger. La revolució de ĺhabitatge a les perifèries obreres i populars: Nou Barris, 1939–1980. Chapters 4 and 6.
36 Ibid. Chapter 4.
37 Conference, “Accés a l’habitatge, veïns i ciutat, 1945–1993”, and Candela Ochotorena, Del pisito a la burbuja Inmobiliaria.
38 Andreu, Barris, veïns i democràcia, 51–2.
39 Ibid, 52.
40 Dols, “La OSH y el usuario. Los barrios de la OSH”.
41 Castells, Crisis urbana y cambio social, 1.
42 Baumeister, Bonomo and Schott, Cities Contested.
43 Reick, “Towards a History of Urban Social Movements,” 147–64.
44 Ibid. 150–1, references 10 and 11.
45 Ibid, 150, reference 12.
46 Castells, Movimientos sociales urbanos: 40.
47 Bartolini, Francesco, “Changing Cities. An Urban Question for the Italian Communist Party”, in Baumeister, Bonomo and Schott, Cities Contested: 53–72.
48 Vidotto, “Corviale, Rome. An Architectural and Social Utopia of the Seventies”, in Baumeister, Bonomo and Schott, Cities Contested: 97–120.
49 Villani, “The Struggle for Housing in Rome”, in Baumeister, Bonomo and Schott, Cities Contested: 321–46.
50 Cristina, “The Villaggio del Pilastro”, in Baumeister, Bonomo and Schott, Cities Contested, 121–46.
51 Avenel, “Les émeutes juvéniles en Europe”.
52 Hernández Falagán, Innovation in Affordable Housing. Barcelona 2015–2018.
53 Hernández Falagán and Montaner, “Housing in Barcelona. New Agents for New Policies”.
54 Uzqueda, Garcia-Almirall, Cornadó and Vima-Grau, “Critical Review of Public Policies for the Rehabilitation of Housing Stock”.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Manel Guàrdia
Manel Guàrdia is a retired lecturer at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia. His publications include: La revolución del agua a Barcelona. De la ciudad preindustrial a la metrópolis moderna, 1867–1967, Barcelona, 2011; Making Cities through Markets Halls. Europa, 19th and 20th Centuries, Barcelona, 2015; Atlas Histórico de ciudades europeas, Barcelona-Paris, 1994–96.
José Luis Oyón
José Luis Oyón is an Urbanism Full Professor at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. He has dedicated his research activity to urban and planning history. He has published in the main journals of the field as Urban History and Planning Perspectives. His publications include: Atlas histórico de ciudades europeas, Península Ibérica; Atlas historique des villes européennes. France; La quiebra de la ciudad popular. Espacio urbano, inmigración y anarquismo en la Barcelona de entreguerras, 1914–1936; La ciudad en el joven Reclus, 1830–1871; Autoconstrucción. Escritos de John F. C. Turner sobre vivienda, urbanismo, autogestión y holismo.
Maribel Rosselló
Maribel Rosselló is an Associate Professor of Theory and History of Architecture at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia. Her publications include: “La casa mediterránea: la arquitectura del turismo y la apropiación de los referentes tradicionales en Cataluña y Baleares”; “La eclosión de los campings en la España franquista: el caso de la “Playa de Barcelona”; “The kitchen in urban dwellings in Barcelona, 1920–1950: out of step with modern architecture”.
David H. Falagán
David H. Falagán holds a PhD in Architecture and lectures at the Department of Theory and History of Architecture and Communication techniques at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia. His publications include: Innovation in Affordable Housing. Barcelona 2015-2018; “Housing in Barcelona. New Agents for New Policies”; “Review of Design of Collective Housing in the 21st Century”.