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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1. Intelligence Power and Practice consists of the following: ‘Foreword’ by Lord Butler; ‘Preface’; ‘Part 1: Secrecy and Liberal Society’ Chapter 1. ‘Profiles in Intelligence’; Chapter 2. ‘Rush to Transparency’; Chapter 3. GCHQ De-unionisation Chapter 4. Intelligence and Ethical Foreign Policies; ‘Part 2: The Cold War’; Chapter 5. ‘Intelligence as Threats and Reassurance Chapter’ 6. ‘What Difference Did It Make’; Chapter 7. ‘The Intelligence War – Reflections on Sigint’; Chapter 8. ‘National Requirements’; Chapter 9. ‘Manual Morse and the Intelligence Gold Standard’; Chapter 10. ‘Teufelsberg’; ‘Part 3 Organisation and Reform’; Chapter 11. ‘1945 Organisation’; Chapter 12. ‘Post-Cold War Issues and Opportunities’; Chapter 13. ‘Evidence to Butler’; Chapter 14. ‘Joint Intelligence and Butler’; Chapter 15. ‘Butler Reviewed’; ‘Part 4 Personalities in British Intelligence’; Chapter 16. ‘Recruitment in 1945 and “Peculiar Personal Characteristics”’; Chapter 17. ‘Up from the Country’; Chapter 18. ‘JIC 1972–75’; Chapter 19. ‘GCHQ Directors’; Chapter 20. ‘Harry Burke and Able Archer’; Chapter 21. ‘A Special London Contribution’.
2. Tolson and King, “Obituary. Michael Herman: doyen of intelligence studies,” 315.
3. Herman dedicated his 2001 book, Intelligence Services in the Information Age, to Prestwich.
4. ‘John Prestwich Obituary’, The Daily Telegraph (London), 7 February 2003.
5. Phythian, “Profiles in intelligence: an interview with Michael Herman,” 2.
6. Hut 3, which produced military intelligence (ULTRA) from Enigma decrypts, effectively became an intelligence agency that provided the Allies with information of great strategic value. Group Captain Eric Malcolm Jones headed up this activity from 1943, before serving as the Director of GCHQ between 1952 and 1960. Kenyon, Bletchley Park and D-Day, 73–75.
7. ‘Michael Herman Obituary’, The Times (London), 22 March 2021.
8. On this, see Hughes, “The Oxford Intelligence Group,” 231–242.
9. Herman, Intelligence Power in Peace and War (1996).
10. Hinsley, with Thomas, Ransom, and Knight, British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations. Volume I (1979).
11. Phythian, “Profiles in intelligence: an interview with Michael Herman,” 2.
12. Herman, Intelligence Power in Peace and War, xi-xii.
13. Cradock, review of Herman, Intelligence Power in Peace and War, 786.
14. Phythian, “Profiles in intelligence: an interview with Michael Herman,” 1.
15. Freedman, “Powerful Intelligence,” 198.
16. Freedman, “Powerful Intelligence,” 199.
17. Herman, Intelligence Power in Peace and War, 358.
18. Handel, review of Herman, Intelligence Power in Peace and War, 1002.
19. Phythian, “Profiles in intelligence: an interview with Michael Herman,” 6.
20. Herman in Panorama, A Failure of Intelligence’ (BBC) – transmitted on 11 July 2004. Quoted in Morrison, “British Intelligence Failures in Iraq,” 509.
21. Phythian, “Profiles in intelligence: an interview with Michael Herman,” 6.
22. For a summary of Herman’s thoughts, see Herman, “Intelligence and the Iraqi threat British joint intelligence after Butler,” 18–24.
23. Hughes, “In Memoriam. Michael Herman: Doyen of British Intelligence Studies 1929–2021,” 428.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
R. Gerald Hughes
R. Gerald Hughes is Reader in Military History and Director of the Centre for Intelligence and International Security Studies at Aberystwyth University. His publications include ‘Carl von Clausewitz and his Philosophy of War: The Evolution of a Reputation, 1831-2021’, History 105 (368) (2020); ‘“First Gain the Victory and then Make the Best Use of it you can”: the Royal Navy in the Aftermath of the Falklands War’, International Journal of Military History and Historiography, 43 (2023); (with Stephen Hanna), ‘Journeys Back Along the Roads to Mandalay, Imphal and Kohima: Recent Contributions to the History of the Burma Theatre in the Second World War’, Intelligence and National Security 37/1 (2021); and (with Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones), ‘Timely memoirs and the “British invasion”: Two trends in the historiography of the CIA’, Journal of Intelligence History, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2051920 (2022). His books include Britain, Germany and the Cold War: The Search for a European Détente, 1949–1967 (2007/2014); The Postwar Legacy of Appeasement: British Foreign Policy since 1945 (2014); and, as editor with Len Scott, The Cuban Missile Crisis: A Critical Reappraisal (2016). Hughes is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (FRHistS).