Monitoring Muscle Oxygen Asymmetry as a Strategy to Prevent Injuries in Footballers

ABSTRACT

Purpose: It has been hypothesized that sports injury risk is explained by muscle metabolism. The objective was to evaluate the muscle oxygen saturation slopes (ΔSmO₂ slopes) and muscle oxygenation asymmetry (MO₂Asy) at rest and to study their associations with injuries during the pre-season. Methods: A total of 16 male and 10 female footballers participated in this study. Injuries were diagnosed and classified by level of severity during the pre-season. The workload was also evaluated using the rate of perceived exertion × training time, from which the accumulated loads. The SmO₂ was measured at rest in the gastrocnemius muscle using the arterial occlusion method in the dominant and non-dominant legs. The repeated measures ANOVA, relative risk, and binary logistic regression were applied to assess the probability of injury with SmO₂ and workload. Results: Higher MO₂Asy and ΔSmO₂ Slope 2 were found among footballer who suffered high-severity injuries and those who presented no injuries. In addition, an MO₂Asy greater than 15% and an increase in accumulated load were variables that explained a greater probability of injury. Conclusion: This study presents the new concept of muscle oxygenation asymmetry in sports science and its possible application in injury prevention through the measurement of SmO₂ at rest.

KEYWORDS:

• Footballers
• injury prevention
• injury risk
• muscle oxygenation
• near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This study has been supported by the Government of Extremadura with funding from the European Regional Development Fund under grant (Ref: GR18003) and “Iberoamerica scholarships. Santander Research” in Uruguay (Ref: 2019/2020).