Global Current Practice Patterns for the Management of Exogenous Endophthalmitis: A Survey by the American Society of Ophthalmic Trauma

ABSTRACT

Objective

To investigate the global practice patterns for the management of exogenous endophthalmitis.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess global practice patterns for the management of exogenous endophthalmitis. An online survey comprised of questions regarding the management of exogenous endophthalmitis was distributed to institutions who are members of International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiology Study Group (IGATES) or invited affiliates of the American Society of Ophthalmic Trauma and the Asia Pacific Ophthalmic Trauma Society. Responses were gathered from August 2020 to January 2021.

Results

Of 42 institutions, 36 responses were received (86% response rate), of which 33 (79%) were included in the analysis. Included centers were from Asia (36%), North America (36%), South America (12%), Africa (9%), Europe (3%), and Australia (3%). Oral antibiotics were administered in 19 (58%) institutions, with moxifloxacin as the preferred agent (n = 9, 27%). The preferred method for obtaining cultures was vitreous tap (n = 25, 76%). Most institutions (n = 26, 79%) routinely administered intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime, while intravitreal steroids were routinely administered at 11 centers (33%). Indications for performing vitrectomy included; decreased visual acuity (n = 14, 39%); all cases of exogenous endophthalmitis (n = 4, 12%); non-response to medical therapy (n = 4, 12%); or no view of the fundus (n = 4, 12%), indicating significant variation in surgical indications. More than half (n = 17, 52%) of responding institutions routinely admitted patients with exogenous endophthalmitis to the hospital. Institutions in the United States were less likely to administer oral antibiotics (27% vs. 73%, P = .024) and to admit patients (9% vs. 73%, P < .001) compared to other countries.

Conclusions

This study highlights the global variations in the management of exogenous endophthalmitis, especially as it pertains to surgical indications. Further establishment of evidence-based guidelines may be beneficial to provide more uniform guidance to optimize outcomes.

KEYWORDS:

• Global practice patterns
• endophthalmitis
• exogenous endophthalmitis
• ophthalmology

Disclosure statement

Alcon (YY), NHMRC Scholarship (AKH), Carl Zeiss Meditec (RWSC)

Data availability statement

Data available on request from the authors.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed on the publisher’s website

Additional information

Funding

Dean’s Funding for Summer Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (SCM), Baltimore, Maryland.