Big Data Analysis of Vision Screening Standards Used to Evaluate Fitness to Drive

Abstract

Purpose

Visual acuity (VA) assessment is the most commonly performed vision screening method for drivers. The standards and repeat assessment intervals used, however, are arbitrary, lack an evidence base and are highly variable across different countries. This study utilizes the power of Big Data to provide evidence-based recommendations for standardized driver vision screening.

Methods

Anonymized electronic medical record data were gathered from 40 Irish optometry practices comprising 81,184 unique patients. A Kaplan–Meier Survival (KMS) analysis was used to determine the effect of increasing age and time since screening on the likelihood of passing the VA standard for driving. A logistic function was fit to assess the effect of varying the minimum VA standard required to drive on the screening pass rate within the population.

Results

The likelihood of failing repeat screening increased as a function of time since initial screening for all age groups (χ²=1447, df = 6, p<.001), with older patients most affected. Rescreening intervals for individuals who initially met the vision standard unaided reduced as a function of age. Using an 80% survivability threshold, intervals ranged from every eight years for drivers under 50, reducing to every two years for those aged over 80. Rescreening intervals for drivers requiring optical correction to meet the standard also decreased with age. Approximately, 1% of individuals are excluded from driving using a 0.3 logMAR VA standard with correction.

Conclusions

VA-based screening should take place at regular intervals for all drivers, not just those over 70. Re-screening intervals should be based on age, with shorter intervals for older drivers due to the combined effect of age and time on the likelihood of passing the driving VA standards. The most commonly used standard of 0.3 logMAR results in a minimal number of potential drivers being excluded from driving.

Keywords:

• Big Data
• driver vision standards
• visual acuity
• driving
• vision
• electronic medical records

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Data cannot be shared publicly because the data used is human research data and contains potentially identifying data such as date of birth, exam date, etc. Data are available from the TU Dublin Research Ethics and Integrity Committee (contact via [email protected]) for researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data.

Additional information

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.