Influence of post-injection strategies and CeO₂ nanoparticles additives in the C30D blends and diesel on engine performance, NO_X emissions, and PM characteristics in diesel engine

Abstract

This study investigates the influences of post-injection (PI) strategy and adding two concentrations (50 and 100 mg/l) of Cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles to the diesel-castor oil (C30D) and diesel on engine performance, NO_X emissions, and characteristics of PM. The adding CeO₂ nanoparticles to the C30D and diesel were tested under with PI and W/O PI strategy. The results indicated that the BTE increased by 9.42% from the blends of C30D + CeO₂ compared with diesel + CeO₂ under with and without PI strategy. Furthermore, the BSFC decreased by 16.46% from C30D + CeO₂ nanoparticles compared with diesel + CeO₂ nanoparticles. The cylinder pressure and ROHR increased with addition of CeO₂ nanoparticles to the C30D compared to the C30D, diesel, and diesel + CeO₂ under different PI strategy. For the same CeO₂ concentration, the results showed that the NO_X emissions decreased by 10.64% when adding 100 mg/L of CeO₂ to the C30D compared with diesel + CeO₂ nanoparticles by 8.73%. The adding 50 and 100 mg/L of CeO₂ to the C30D reduced the concentration of PM by 28.62 and 42.72%, respectively, compared C30D without additives. Besides, the adding both concentrations of CeO₂ to the diesel decreased the concentration of PM by 16.74 and 24.83%, respectively, compared without additives into the diesel fuel. It is found that the size of primary particles (d_po) slightly increased with addition of CeO₂ nanoparticles to the C30D and diesel under with and W/O PI strategy. The data of this experiment revealed that introduce the PI strategy and 100 mg/L of CeO₂ nanoparticles gives positive effect on engine performance, NO_X emissions, and total concentration of PM.

Highlights

• The cylinder pressure and rate of heat release increased with addition of CeO₂ nanoparticles to the C30D.

• Adding nanoparticles to C30D decreased the BSFC and increased BTE compared with those of the C30D and diesel without additives.

• The blends of C30D + CeO₂ decreased the concentration of PM.

• Adding different concentration of CeO₂ nanoparticles increased the average particle diameter.

• The NO_X emissions decreased with addition CeO₂ nanoparticles to the C30D and diesel.

Keywords:

• C30D
• CeO₂ nanoparticles
• BSFC
• BTE
• combustion
• NO_X emissions
• PM

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).