![Sample our Environment & Agriculture journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5934/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Environment-Agriculture.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
In this study, surface sediments along the mainstream of the Kapuas River were determined for sedimentary phosphorus (P) species, which include exchangeable-P (Ex-P), iron-bound P (Fe-P), apatite P (Ca-P), detrital P (De-P), and organic P (OP). The objective of this study was to determine the dynamics of sedimentary P species in the world’s longest river on an island. The results showed that the composition of sedimentary P species of the river to total P (TP) was in this order: Ca-P (57% of TP) > Ex-P (21%) > Fe-P (11%) > OP (6%) > De-P (5%). As the bioavailable P (BAP), which includes Ex-P, Fe-P, and OP, represents around 38% of TP, this could indicate the river sediments’ potential to release P. The sedimentary BAP showed an overall decreasing trend from the upper river to downstream of the river. In contrast, Ca-P showed an increasing trend from the upper river to downstream of the river. All these indicate the dynamics of a localised P cycle along a river, as the BAP released to the overlying water could contribute to Ca-P formation.
Data availability
The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Hsiu-I Huang, Kandasamy Selvaraj, Hon-Kit Lui, Ting-Hsuan Huang, Shin-Mei Chen, Yu-Chang Chang, Meng-Chia Chen, Chun-Hung Ye, Shun-Chieh Yang, Zeena Jayan and Wen-Yan Yang for their help and advice throughout the course of this study, we are grateful to Professor Tze-Min Lee and Yu-Chun Zheng for technical assistance. We express our gratitude to the editors and reviewers for their constructive comments which have improved the manuscript greatly.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Shuzhen You
Shuzhen You, MD, Institute of Marine Geology and Resources, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
Current position: Master student
Research interest: Marine geochemistry
Pei Sun Loh
Pei Sun Loh, PhD, Institute of Marine Geology and Resources, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
Current position: Associate Professor
Research interest: Biogeochemistry of sediments in coastal areas
Chen-Tung Arthur Chen
Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, PhD, Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Current position: Professor
Research interest: Marine chemistry
Gusti Z. Anshari
Gusti Z Anshari, PhD, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tangjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Current position: Professor at the Soil Science Department, Tanjungpura University
Research interest: Tropical peatland
Jough-Tai Wang
Jough-Tai Wang, PhD, Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Graduate Institute of Atmospheric Physics, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
Current position: Professor
Research interest: Marine chemistry
Jiann-Yuh Lou
Jiann-Yuh Lou, PhD, Department of Marine Science, Naval Academy, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Current position: Associate Professor
Research interest: Marine chemistry
Shu-Lun Wang
Shu-Lun Wang, PhD, Department of Marine Environment Engineering, College of Ocean Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Current position: Associate Professor
Research interest: Marine chemistry
Bing-Jye Wang
Bing-Jye Wang, MD, Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Current position: Research assistant
Research interest: Marine chemistry
Hong-Young Chen
Hong-Young Chen, PhD, Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Current position: Professor
Research interest: Marine biology