Female farm holding in Botswana's agriculture industry

ABSTRACT

In the Botswana Labour Force Survey, agriculture was identified as the fastest growing employing industry with growth mainly driven by the entrance of women into the industry. As such, the purpose of the study was thus to investigate how the demographic profile of farm holders have changed in Botswana over time. Using Agricultural Survey Reports, the paper descriptively analyses changes in the gender and age composition of farm holders in Botswana. The study found that the industry has in fact employed a larger share of women, but that the movement of women into the industry was still largely dependent on those of men. This is evident in the fact that the share of married male and female farmers move in opposite directions. It also found that during times of distress women's share as farmers increased. The movement of men and women in the industry indicates that policies which have historically been geared towards the needs and characteristics of male farmers and their households may require gender mainstreaming to accommodate female farmers and their households. This paper opens up a debate around gendered social assistance which accommodates women not just as ordinary household members, but more specifically farmers.

KEYWORDS:

• Botswana
• agriculture
• women
• poverty
• labour

JEL CODES:

• Q12
• Q18
• B54
• P28

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1 The Agricultural Survey Reports are freely available for download at https://www.statsbots.org.bw/publication-by-sector/agriculture. The data in the reports were collated by the author and the consolidated dataset which was used in this study is available at https://doi.org/10.17632/mw4s25bc62.1.

2 In its survey documentation, Statistics Botswana (2013, 166) does state, however, that the “main objective of the program [the continuous program of household surveys] is to provide time series [data] of basic information on crop production and livestock population and on related general agricultural data”.