Nylon 6,6 modified screen printed carbon electrodes as electrochemical sensors for rapid chlorothalonil determination in water samples using differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry

Abstract

A newly developed electrochemical sensor for chlorothalonil based on nylon 6,6 film deposited onto screen printed electrode (SPE) with electrochemical modulation of pH at the electrode/solution interface was studied for the first time. Differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) was used to carry out the electrochemical and analytical studies. Experimental parameters such as accumulation potential, initial potential, accumulation time and pH of Britton-Robinson buffer have been optimized. Chlorothalonil gave optimum analytical signal in a medium of 0.04 M Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 6.0. A well-defined reduction peak was observed, at E_p= −0.851 and −0.938 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 M KCl) for both bare SPE and modified SPE, respectively. The peak currents of modified SPE were significantly increased as compared to bare SPE. At the modified SPE, a linear relationship between the peak current and chlorothalonil concentration was obtained in the range from 0.1 to 2.8 × 10⁻⁶ M with a detection limit of 1.53 × 10⁻⁸ M (S/N= 3). The practical applicability of the newly developed method has been demonstrated on analyses of real water samples. The newly developed sensor shows good reproducibility with RSD of 3.92%. The nylon 6,6 modified SPE showed itself as promising sensor with good selectivity for chlorothalonil determination.

Keywords:

• Chlorothalonil
• differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry
• screen printed electrode
• sensor

Acknowledgment

The authors also appreciate UTM Zamalah for providing scholarship in favour of the undertaken project.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The authors would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for providing LRGS grant on Water Security entitled Protection of Drinking Water: Source Abstraction and Treatment (203/PKT/6720006) and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (R.J 130000.7809.4L810) for financial support of this project.