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Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B
Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes
Volume 59, 2024 - Issue 7
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Articles

Effect of ph on migration patterns and degradation pathways of sulfamethazine in soil systems

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Pages 425-436 | Received 15 Mar 2024, Accepted 25 May 2024, Published online: 07 Jun 2024
 

Abstract

Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are widely used antimicrobial agents in livestock and aquaculture, and most of them entering the animal’s body will be released into the environment as prodrugs or metabolites, which ultimately affect human health through the food chain. Both acid deposition and salinization of soil may have an impact on the migration and degradation of antibiotics. Sulfamethazine (SM2), a frequently detected compound in agricultural soils, has a migration and transformation process in the environment that is closely dependent on environmental pH. Nevertheless, scarcely any studies have been conducted on the effect of soil pH changes on the environmental behavior of sulfamethazine. We analyzed the migration and degradation mechanisms of SM2 using simulation experiments and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) techniques. The results showed that acidic conditions limited the vertical migration of sulfadimidine, and SM2 underwent different reaction processes under different pH conditions, including S-C bond breaking, S-N bond hydrolysis, demethylation, six-membered heterocyclic addition, methyl hydroxylation and ring opening. The study of the migration pattern and degradation mechanism of SM2 under different pH conditions can provide a solid theoretical basis for assessing the pollution risk of sulfamethazine degradation products under acid rain and saline conditions, and provide a guideline for remediation of antibiotic contamination, so as to better prevent, control and protect groundwater resources.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Data will be available on request from the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by the Major project of the Ministry of Science and Technology on the Causes and Treatment Technologies of Site Soil Pollution [NO. 2018YFC1801104].

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