Thalassemia Status in Cambodia

Abstract

The population of Cambodia (in 2019) was approximately 16 million with an annual growth rate of 1.4% in which the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies was estimated at about 40.0% (range 30.0–50.0%) to be carriers, and 2240 annual births for β-thalassemia major (β-TM). The overall prevalence of β-thalassemia (β-thal) and α-thalassemia (α-thal) were 40.9 and 39.6%, respectively. Currently, the specific epidemiological data regarding the abnormal gene frequency/mutations among different ethnic groups is unknown. In 2011, national guidelines for the Clinical Management of Patients with Thalassemia in Cambodia were developed and published by the Ministry of Health (MoH). Packed red cells (PRCs) are available at most referral hospitals (provincial hospitals). Oral iron chelators [deferiprone (DFP) and deferasirox (DFX)] are only available from a private pharmaceutical company. The future needs for Cambodia are to develop a national policy on the prevention or control of β-thal and α-thal, and a national registry of patients with thalassemia, to determine the gene frequency of α- and β-thal in different regions of the country, and to place the iron chelators on the list of essential medicines.

Keywords:

• Cambodia
• prevalence
• thalassemia

Disclosure statement

The author reports no conflicts of interest. The author alone is responsible for the content and writing of this article.

Additional information

Funding

This Special Issue on Thalassemia in Asia 2021 was partially supported by Project KY202002008 from the Ministry of Science & Technology of the People’s Republic of China through the Asian Thalassemia Training Center (ATTC) at Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PRC.