Application of soil amendments to enhance soil carbon and biological properties in a paddy field under elevated CO₂ conditions

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (eCO₂ – 550 ± 30 ppm) on soil enzymes (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, fluorescein diacetate, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatase), soil carbon pool (Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), Microbial Biomass Carbon (MBC), oxidizable carbon, humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) fractions), microbial population dynamics (heterotrophs, fungi, actinobacteria, diazotrophs, methanotrophs, and total anaerobes), carbon sequestration and yield in a flooded paddy soil in open top chambers (OTCs) in relation to rhizospheric and bulk soil. Responses of most of the observed parameters to eCO₂ with biochar application in rhizosphere soil were significantly higher. The carbon (C) sequestration potential was found higher in the biochar applied plot under eCO₂ with 0.59 Mg C sequestered ha⁻¹. The same recorded the highest biomass yield and grain yield which is 12.8 and 30.8% higher than the control. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) recognized soil dehydrogenase, β – glucosidase, SOC, FA, Substrate Induced Respiration (SIR), metabolic quotient (qCO₂) and counts of heterotrophs as key drivers of variability. The current study thus provides some dependable biological indicators to assess the paddy ecosystems, vis-à-vis anticipatory climate change.

KEYWORDS:

• Rice
• elevated carbon dioxide
• enzyme activity
• carbon pool
• biochar
• arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

Authors’ contribution

Idea conceptualization, Guidance, writing, reviewing &editing –SK; Experiments, writing original draft-KGT

Availability of data and materials

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets are generated or analyzed during the current study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The authors have no funding to report.