Adaptive PID Controller with P&O MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic System

ABSTRACT

In order to extract maximum power from a Photovoltaic (PV) panel different Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms have been developed, among which Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm is widely used. The P&O algorithm can be executed either by direct duty ratio or by voltage reference control. Both have drawbacks in tracking time and oscillation around MPP. In the latter case, the reference voltage generated by the algorithm is fed to a controller (PI/PID) to generate the corresponding duty ratio. The gains of PID controller are calculated under the standard test conditions (STC) (1000 W/m², 25°C) of PV panel and the same values are used for other operating conditions too, which does not provide satisfactory performance under varying operating conditions. In this paper, an adaptive method is proposed to calculate the controller gains for different operating conditions without using any additional sensors. The proposed method establishes a linear relation between the PID gains calculated for the STC and those for other operating conditions, and this relation adaptively changes the PID gains for different operating conditions. It is observed from the simulations and experimental results that the proposed adaptive method precisely tracks the maximum power and optimizes the perturbation characteristics.

KEYWORDS:

• Adaptive controller
• DC–DC converter
• Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
• Perturb and observe (P&O)
• Photovoltaic (PV)
• Proportional integral differential controller (PID controller)

Additional information

Funding

Authors would like to thank Department of Science and Technology for providing the grant SR/2016/EE/036 for carrying out the research work.

Notes on contributors

Jyotirmaya Sahoo

Jyotirmaya Sahoo received his BTech degree in electrical engineering in 2013, and MTech in control and automation from NIT Rourkela in 2017. His research interest is in battery management system.

Susovon Samanta

Susovon Samanta (M’11) received the BE degree from the Regional Engineering College, Durgapur, India, in 1998, the ME degree from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, in 2003, and the PhD degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India, in 2012, all in electrical engineering. From 2003 to 2004, he was a Lecturer with Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India. In 2009, he joined the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India, where he is currently an Assistant Professor. His research interests are in the analysis, modeling, and control of power converters used in various areas such as photovoltaics, electric vehicles, and space applications.

Shamik Bhattacharyya

Shamik Bhattacharyya received BTech degree in electrical engineering from NIT Durgapur in 2012. He is presently pursuing his MTech in control and automation from NIT Rourkela. His research interests are PV standalone systems and battery management system. Email: [email protected]