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ABSTRACT
Sleep Apnea is a serious breathing disorder that occurs when a person's breathing is interrupted during sleeping. People with sleep Apnea stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep, which means that the brain and rest of the body may not get enough oxygen. If left untreated, sleep Apnea can result in a number of health problems, including high blood pressure, stroke, heart failure, irregular heartbeats, heart attacks, and depression. This paper deals with sleep Apnea assessment by discrete wavelet-transformation-(DWT)-based kurtosis, radar and histogram analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. ECG signals are de-noised by passing them through well-known Savitzky–Golay FIR filter and then are decomposed at different DWT levels, and kurtosis of approximate and detailed coefficients at different DWT levels is measured. Kurtosis at different levels is compared for a healthy person and Apnea patients. Then, radars are formed by kurtosis and compared. Histogram analysis is done on both ECG signals and obtained kurtosis. The comparative study shows that up to DWT level-4, kurtosis of approximate coefficients of Apnea patients is lower than that of a healthy person. However, kurtosis of the approximate coefficient for Apnea patients is greater than that of a normal person at DWT level-7. Up to level 6, Kurtosis of detailed coefficients for Apnea patients is less than that of a normal person. Radar shapes and histogram peaks of ECG signal and kurtosis are also different between a normal person and Apnea patients. Probability in terms of a “p” value for Kurtosis at optimized DWT levels for Apnea patients has shown satisfactory outcome.
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Notes on contributors
Santanu Chattopadhyay
Santanu Chattopadhyay was born in West Bengal, India. He received MTech degree in computer science and engineering from the Maulana Abul Kalam Azaz University of Technology. Currently is with the Netaji Shubhas Open University, Kolkata, India. He has published four papers in international journal and conferences. His special interest is in biomedical engineering.
Gautam Sarkar
Gautam Sarkar received the BTech and MTech degrees in electrical engineering from Calcutta University, Kolkata, India, in 1999 and 2001, respectively and a PhD degree in engineering from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India in 2015. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Jadavpur University. His current research interests include electrical capacitance tomography, digital signal processing, internet-based instrumentation and design of real-time systems. He has authored or coauthored almost 30 technical papers, including 9 international journal papers. Email: [email protected]
Arabinda Das
Arabinda Das has born in 1966. Presently he is Associate Professor in the Electrical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, India. Before joining in Jadavpur University in 1999 he has worked as a Lecturer in Regional Engineering College (presently NIT, Durgapur), Durgapur, India since 1996. He obtained his BTech, MTech and PhD (Tech) degrees in 1990, 1992 and 2000 respectively in electrical machines and power system from the University of Calcutta. His field of interest is the application of microprocessor / microcontroller in electrical engineering and modeling and simulation of electrical systems. Dr Das has guided a number of students leading to PhD and published a number of research articles in National and International journals and conferences. He is the receipent of Railway Board Prize, The Uni on Ministry of Energy — Department of Power Medal, The Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers Medal from The Institution of Engineers (India) etc. Dr Das is the Fellow of The Institution of Engineers (India) and Fellow of The Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers. Email: [email protected]