A Novel and Efficient Reader-to-Reader and Tag-to-Tag Anti-Collision Protocol

ABSTRACT

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is one of the prominent wireless technologies for implementing a complete smart environment and is preferred over magnetic tapes, bar codes and smart cards due to its low cost and high speed. RFID networks provide identification, location tracking and record management and consist of tags, readers and backend storage devices. In these networks, it is very common to see tag-to-tag or reader-to-reader collisions. For avoiding these collisions and hence to improve the overall system performance many probabilistic and deterministic anti-collision protocols have been proposed, but the majority of these protocols were found to be inefficient in channel distribution. In this work, based on simulation annealing, a novel and efficient reader-to-reader and tag-to-tag anti-collision protocol is proposed by uniformly distributing the available channels among different readers, which reduces reader-to-reader collisions to zero. For a better performance tag state parameters have been preferred over fixed scheduling. Improvement of tag identification ratio from 1% to 12.5%, successful interrogation cycles by up to 25% for a maximum of 1000 readers and reduction in the number of cycles required for interrogation by a minimum of 13.3% and a maximum of 25.5% and reader-to-reader collisions up to 24% for 100 K tags make the proposed protocol much suited to a heavily loaded network. Compared to other contemporary protocols performance gain in the range of 2% to 30% has been observed for the total number of sent/received packets, delay, number of collisions, idle cycles and time cycles.

KEYWORDS:

• Anti-collision
• Performance
• Reader-to-reader collisions
• RFID
• Simulated annealing
• Tag-to-tag collisions

ORCID

Adarsh Kumar http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-6302

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Adarsh Kumar

Adarsh Kumar received his ME in Software Engineering from Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India, in 2005 and earned his PhD from JIIT university, Noida, India in 2016 followed by Post-Doctoral from AIT, Ireland during 2016–2018. From 2005 to 2016, he was associated with the Department of Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, where he worked as an Assistant Professor. Currently he is working with the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India as an Associate Professor in CSE department. His main research interests are cryptography, network security and ad hoc networks.

Alok Aggarwal

Alok Aggarwal received his bachelors’ and masters’ degrees in Computer Science and Engineering in 1995 and 2001, respectively, and his PhD in Engineering from IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India in 2010. He has an academic experience of 18 years, industrial experience of 4 years and research experience of 5 years. He has contributed more than 150 research articles in different journals and conference proceedings. Currently he is working with the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India as a Professor in CSE department. His main research interests are wired/wireless networks, security and coding theory. Email: [email protected]

Krishna Gopal

Krishna Gopal received his BTech in Electrical Engineering from the Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras, India in 1966 and his MS and PhD in Engineering from the REC Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, India in 1972 and 1979, respectively. Since 2011, he has been working as Dean (Academic and Research) with Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India. He has 45 years of teaching and research experience. He is a member of various professional bodies, such as the Life Member System Society of India, the Indian Society for Technical Education and the IEEE. Email: [email protected]