FERCE: Facial Expression Recognition for Combined Emotions Using FERCE Algorithm

Abstract

Research in facial expression recognition and emotion detection has undergone many developments recently. Human beings express different feelings via facial expressions at different circumstances. Perceiving such type of communication helps us in building a computational human cognition model. There are seven basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad, surprise and neutral. Researchers have stuck to those seven emotions for research into facial expression recognition and emotion detection. Apart from those basic emotions, the existing literature has defined 21 other compound emotions. However, they failed to explore some more emotions and few have been eliminated by claiming them as meaningless. This study proposes an algorithm that offers a new approach for grouping the emotion classes. In this proposed work a total of 37 emotions are identified as combined emotions out of which 16 are newly derived. These derived emotions were unnoticed by the earlier and they are existing in real-time human emotions. Along with exploring new emotions, the claim that certain existing emotions are symmetric is challenged and proved to be asymmetric in nature. This claim is validated by employing the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and statistical analysis of combined emotions.

KEYWORDS:

• Combined emotions
• Compound emotions
• Derived emotions
• Emotion detection
• Emotion recognition
• Facial expression
• Facial recognition

Additional information

Funding

This work is supported by research grant from Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) with the communication vide. No. F.No. 9-21/2012-SC/ST dated 1st October 2013 & F.No. 14-5/2013-SC/ST dated 13th January 2014, Government of India, Grant NITT/Dean-ID/SCSP/TSP/PWD dated 24^th March 2014. This work is also supported by research grant from the Indo-US Science and Technology Forum 21^st century knowledge initiative programme under Grant F. No/94-5/2013(IC) dated 19th August 2013.

Notes on contributors

A. Swaminathan

A Swaminathan was born on 5th of October 1990 in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. He pursued BTech as undergraduate degree in information technology from Anna University Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India in the year 2012. He pursued his masters in computer science & engineering from Anna University in the year 2014. He joined National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India NITT, as a junior research fellow under MHRD (Ministry of Human Resource Development) project in May 2014. At present, he is a research scholar in the Department of Computer Applications in NITT. His research domain is image and video processing with artificial intelligence. His areas of interests are deep learning, clustering techniques, data mining, and machine learning.

A. Vadivel

A Vadivel was born on 20th May 1969 in Ariyalur, Tamilnadu, India. He got his master's degree in science from NITT. He pursued masters in technology and doctorate of philosophy from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, India. He had 12 years of technical experience in network engineering & instrumentation engineering in IIT-Kharagpur, and ten years of teaching experience in Bharathidasan University and NITT. Currently, he is working as an associate professor in SRM University, Amravati, Andhra Pradesh. He has published papers in over 90 international journals and conferences. His research areas are content-based image and video retrieval, multimedia information retrieval from distributed environment, medical image analysis, object tracking in motion video and cognitive science. He has received Young Scientist Award by Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India in 2007, Indo-US Research Fellow Award by Indo-US Science and Technology Forum in 2008 and Obama-Singh Knowledge Initiative Award in 2013. Email: [email protected]

Michael Arock

Michael Arock is an associate professor, presently working in the Department of Computer Applications, NITT. He graduated as a bachelor of science (Mathematics) from GTN Arts College, Dindigul, Madurai Kamaraj University and did masters in computer applications from St Joseph's College, Bharathiasan University and earned his PhD from Bharathidasan University. His doctoral thesis is on design and analysis of parallel algorithms on CREW PRAM and LARPBS models. His specialization is in parallel algorithms. His areas of interest include data structures and algorithms, high performance computing and bioinformatics. Currently, he guides PhD scholars in the field of membrane computing, parallel algorithms and image processing. Email: [email protected]